INVENTORY OF FEDERAL RESEARCH ON ILLEGAL DRUGS AND RELATED ISSUES
Prepared For The Senate Special Committee On Illegal Drugs
Diane LeducNancy
Miller Chenier
Political and Social Affairs Division
Sonya Norris
Science and Technology Division
31 October 2001
LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT
ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSES
A. Background
B. Federal Responses
C. Organization of Responses
D. Observations Derived from Responses
1. Establishment of Central, Ongoing Registry
2. Collection of Documentation
3. Interpretation of the Term “Research”
4. Distribution among Disciplines
5. Assessment of Research Priorities and Funding
LETTER AND ANNEXED GUIDE
FEDERAL INVENTORY
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA (SSHRC)
FEDERAL INVENTORY
FEDERAL INVENTORY
SECTION III: FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON POPULATION HEALTH (ACPH)
ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSES
A. Background
In the fall of 2000, the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs began its public hearings into Canada's anti-drug legislation and policies. At the same time, the Committee initiated a programme of research to inform its study. This particular inventory of illegal drug research funded by federal and provincial governments comprises one of several research projects undertaken by the Parliamentary Research Branch on behalf of the Senate Committee.
On January 24, 2001, letters were mailed to federal, provincial and territorial departments and agencies with involvement in the area of illegal drugs. A letter and detailed appendix were designed to elicit information about research over the period from 1995 to 2000 on illicit drugs. (See attached letter and annexed guide).
The goal was to get a better understanding of the nature and extent of current government-funded research on illegal drugs and related issues in Canada. The letter requested information about empirical research funded by departments or agencies within the last five years. The letter provided several parameters to identify the research. It asked about:
· socio-historical, anthropological, criminological, geopolitical, economical, medical, psychological and pharmacological aspects;
· laboratory experiments, clinical trials, case studies, population surveys, community observations, cost analyses, outcome evaluations, historical assessments as well as literature reviews;
· origins of the government-funded research (for example, was the research being carried out by in-house departmental or agency specialists, by independent consultants, by university researchers, or in partnership with community-based organisations);
· particular illegal substances such as cannabis, heroin, cocaine, etc. under study and implications for certain groups including Aboriginal peoples, street youth, injection drug users, etc.
B.
Federal Responses
The response by federal departments and agencies to the request for information and documentation was generally positive. This volume of the inventory focuses on federal responses with information on provincial and territorial responses provided in a separate volume. Letters were sent to ten federal departments and affiliated agencies as well as to federal research agencies. These included: Health Canada, Justice Canada, Law Commission of Canada, Solicitor General Canada, Correctional Service Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.
Of the departments, affiliated agencies and research agencies who received letters, all responded in some form. Most responded by an initial telephone call or letter to confirm receipt of the request and to commit to the delivery of the requested information. The majority designated individual contact people to coordinate the collection of information and documentation. In some cases, such as Solicitor General Canada and the Law Commission of Canada, the contact person moved to another organization before fulfilling the request. Some like the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council responded by telephone in order to obtain an e-mail address for electronic delivery of lists of research projects. A few organizations including the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police indicated that they did not have the organizational capacity to respond to the request with documentation. Still others such as the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council specified that they did not have any documentation pertaining to such research.
Although the letter specifically focussed attention on illegal drugs and related issues, many respondents included reference to substances that are legal but subject to misuse such as alcohol and tobacco. Other respondents asked particularly about whether research on gambling would be useful.
At final count, the federal inventory has over 130 entries related to individual grants from research funding bodies and separate documents from departments and agencies. The funding bodies account for over 50 entries followed by Health Canada and Correctional Service Canada, each with close to 40 entries.
C. Organization of Responses
The inventory of federal departments and agencies is organized in a way that enables the English and the French documents to be viewed in a parallel way. The research funding agencies are the first section (Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council) and the departments are the second section with corresponding agencies if relevant (Health Canada, Justice Canada, Solicitor General Canada with Correctional Services Canada). Both this volume on federal responses and the companion volume on provincial and territorial responses contain a section on federal/ provincial/territorial documents.
To facilitate organization and analysis of the documentation, we developed a template with various headings – name of organization, bibliographic data, summary, type of study, thematic area, drug references, and additional information. The template for organizing each entry was developed to provide the reader with a uniform format that allows dissimilar research entries to be presented in a comparable way. Thus, although the grant information from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council differs in content from the information related to the completed research reports from departments, the inventory organizes the material within similar categories. With respect to each field and/or category, we created descriptors and summary statements that would appropriately reflect the major aspects of the item.
Under each departmental or agency section, the organization is generally chronological (most recent date to most distant). If a department covered the subject from the perspective of multiple groups, then the documents are organized thematically, for example, women, Aboriginal peoples, youth, etc., are grouped together.
In several instances, we supplemented departmental information with material obtained from the Library of Parliament collection, through Internet searches and from suggestions offered by colleagues. The supplementary effort utilized various approaches but was not intended to be exhaustive.
D. Observations Derived from Responses
The request for information and documentation about research on illegal drugs elicited varying responses. The following section highlights a number of issues that arose from this preliminary survey of governmental-sponsored research. The methodology employed in this survey is limited and does not permit firm conclusions about the extent and nature of ongoing research in Canada. However, the observations derived from the federal responses may be useful to the development of recommendations related to future efforts to compile ongoing inventories of research on illegal drugs.
1. Establishment of Central, Ongoing Registry
Respondents commended the Senate Committee’s effort to collect information on illegal drug research in Canada. Departmental respondents frequently mentioned that they would benefit from access to a central and ongoing repository of information on research related to illegal drugs. They noted that, although there was some communication among departments about research efforts, it was often restricted to personal interactions and intermittent updates. Several respondents observed that a one-time effort to create an inventory could be time and resource consuming without ensuring comprehensive and consistent results. Some suggested a possible ongoing role with accompanying resource allocation for the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. Overall, respondents supported any future endeavour to ensure the continual monitoring, collection, analysis and dissemination of this type of information about research.
2. Collection of Documentation
As requested, most federal departments assigned one individual as a contact person to coordinate the collection of material. One unexpected consequence of this approach is that, in many cases, the information appears to have been collected from one branch or even one division of a department but not necessarily across all potential areas. As a result, the inventory is fragmented and incomplete. Without inside knowledge of the departments and their multiple policy and program areas, there are difficulties in assessing the comprehensiveness of information from large departments. For example, with respect to Health Canada, the initial letter requesting research information did not extract any documentation about possible studies completed by the Centres of Excellence for Women’s Health, HIV/AIDS research program, National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program, or National Health Research and Development Program prior to its current configuration. Also, for Justice Canada, information was received from the Research and Statistics Division but not from other divisions within the broader Policy Integration and Coordination Section or from divisions within the Criminal Law Policy and Community Justice Section where the National Crime Prevention Centre resides.
3. Interpretation of the Term “Research”
Respondents generally interpreted the term “research” as products that involved information and analysis of information for general public consumption. They tended to send documents that were prepared to communicate findings on data collection and analyses for the general public but did not appear to include material prepared for internal departmental analyses. Although the letter had specifically requested material in a variety of forms (laboratory experiments, clinical trials, case studies, population surveys, community observations, cost analyses, outcome evaluations, historical assessments, literature reviews), much of the documentation reflected material available on public websites rather than internal databases. According to the inventory, the most common type of research supported by federal departments seems to be literature reviews and population surveys; few respondents included outcome evaluations of programs or cost analyses. For the research funding agencies, the descriptions seldom specified the type of study but do suggest laboratory and clinical studies, attitude surveys, historical reviews as well as theoretical models.
4. Distribution among Disciplines
The respondents were asked to identify research from a range of disciplines including social, historical, anthropological, criminological, geopolitical, economical, medical, psychological and pharmacological. The inventory entries include both descriptions of research grants from federal funding bodies as well as descriptions of final study reports by departmental bodies. On departmental documentation, while the thematic area could be deduced, it was difficult to determine the disciplinary orientation of the individuals or groups who initiated and carried out the research. In addition, the available material generally did not indicate whether the research was the result of work by in-house departmental or agency specialists, independent consultants, university researchers, or individuals from community-based organisations. The research funding bodies (Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council) provided the clearest information on the area of study. In some instances, there appeared to be links between funding for research grants and funding for concurrent or later research contracts that result in a departmental or other publication. For example, a research grant issued under the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council or Canadian Institutes of Health Research might be connected to a concurrent or subsequent departmental contract where an independent expert could be engaged to write a report on the same topic for a particular department.
5. Assessment of Research Priorities and Funding
Any efforts to establish research priorities and to allocate funds accordingly could benefit from a full knowledge of current as well as past spending in the area of illegal drugs. Respondents were not specifically asked to include information about the allocation of resources to illegal drug research and the majority did not provide such data. Departmental respondents provided completed documents available to the public without any indication of costs and none included monetary details about research studies conducted for internal policy or program application. Some departmental replies such as Correctional Services Canada included references to specific programs and evaluation research but did not stipulate how much money was designated. The federal funding bodies (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and Canadian Institutes of Health Research) did include particulars about the amounts assigned to particular research grants. However, in spite of a question in the annexed guide about current and future priorities, none of the respondents provided information about how research priorities and funding allocations are established for certain drugs or particular affected groups.
Dear (department or agency head):
In June 2000, the Senate established a Special Committee on Illegal Drugs to which I was appointed as Chair. The Committee’s work is supported by a research program focusing on the following broad axes:
· socio-historical, anthropological, criminological, geopolitical and economics issues;
· medical and pharmacological aspects;
· legal aspects in a national perspective;
· legal aspects in an international perspective;
· ethical issues and standards and norms of behaviour in Canada
The Committee’s work also involves public hearings with expert witnesses. The Committee began hearing witnesses in October but with the calling of a general election, these activities have been suspended. As I expect this committee to resume work when parliament reconvenes, I am continuing to collect relevant information needed for its future work. The purpose of this letter is to solicit your assistance in this endeavour.
I would like to know the nature and extent of current government-funded research on illegal drugs and related issues in Canada. The research could relate to any of the five areas of work outlined for the Special Committee on Illegal Drugs. Specifically, I would very much appreciate any information about empirical research funded by your department (or agency) within the last five years addressing the first two areas of the Senate Committee’s proposed study, particularly the socio-historical, anthropological, criminological, geopolitical, economical, medical, psychological and pharmacological aspects.
Such research may include laboratory experiments, clinical trials, case studies, population surveys, community observations, cost analyses, outcome evaluations, historical assessments as well as literature reviews. I also wish to determine where the government-funded research is taking place (for example, is the research being carried out by in-house departmental or agency specialists, by independent consultants, by university researchers, or in partnership with community-based organisations). Finally, it may include any work that focused on illegal substances such as cannabis, heroin, cocaine, etc. and the implications for affected groups including Aboriginal people, street youth, injection drug users, etc.
I believe that there will be considerable public benefit from knowledge of completed and ongoing research that resides within your department (or agency). Whenever possible, I would appreciate a copy of the completed research report. If the project is ongoing, a copy of the original proposal or a brief description of the intended research would be welcomed along with information on its future availability.
If you could designate a contact person to facilitate this information collection, it would be extremely helpful from my perspective. In turn, I have asked the Parliamentary Research Branch to coordinate this work on my behalf. I suggest that you contact Nancy Miller Chenier at (613) 995-7383 or Sonya Norris at (613) 995-3475 for further information on this request. When the information is collected by your department (or agency), it can be sent to either of these researchers at: Parliamentary Research Branch, Library of Parliament, 151 Sparks Street, Room 907, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0A9. They would appreciate hearing from you or the appropriate contact person by the end of February 2001.
Thanking you in advance for your cooperation,
(signed) Pierre Claude Nolin
Senator
Annexed Guide to Research Request by Senator Nolin for Special Senate Committee on Illegal Drugs
Has your department or agency funded externally or conducted internally any research on illegal drugs between 1995 and 2000?
Research characteristics to consider:
· illegal substances such as cannabis, heroin, cocaine, etc. (excluding illegal use of alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs)
· affected groups including Aboriginal people, street youth, injection drug users, women, etc.
· socio-historical, anthropological, criminological, geopolitical, economical, medical, psychological and pharmacological dimensions
· laboratory experiments, clinical trials, case studies, population surveys, community observations, cost analyses, outcome evaluations, historical assessments as well as literature reviews
· research by in-house departmental or agency specialists, independent consultants, university researchers, community-based organizations, etc.
What is the status of this research? When was it initially funded? Is it currently completed, still ongoing or at the initial proposal stage?
Is any information about the research currently available for Senate Committee study? Can proposals, interim reports or final reports be provided at this time?
Has your department or agency developed a research plan for work on illegal drugs? What are your current or future priorities for research in this area?
Does your department or agency have a key contact person or persons to respond to further enquiries about illegal drug research?
FEDERAL INVENTORY
SECTION
I: RESEARCH AGENCIES
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
drug-crime relationship: from a cause-based to a process-based
explanation.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: criminology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $64,400 was allocated in 1996 to Serge Brochu of the Université de
Montréal, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization:
Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
(SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Developing
young people’s aptitudes and skills for not using psychotropic substances
and for postponing first
sexual contacts.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: education,
psychology, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $98,000 was allocated in 1997 to Gaston Godin of the Université
Laval and Pierre Valois of the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.
The three-year project was administered by the Université Laval.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Comparative
analysis of socio-occupational reintegration of young people with and without
diplomas as a function of addiction.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: education,
labour market, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $117,000 was allocated in 1998 to Marie-Denyse Boivin and Geneviève
Fournier, both with the Université Laval, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Proportion
of crimes attributable to alcohol and drugs.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: criminology
Drug
references: alcohol
(and other drugs)
Additional
information: A
grant of $83,400 was allocated in 1999 to Serge Brochu of the Université de
Montréal, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Victimization
among users of psychoactive substances.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: criminology,
social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $46,056 was allocated in 1996 to Isabelle Parent of the Université
de Montréal, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
developmental trajectory of female young offenders/addicts.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: psychology,
social, criminology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $49,860 was allocated in 1998 to Sylvana Côté of the Université de
Montréal, for a three-year period.
Name of organization: Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Comparison of the effects of short-term motivational therapy and short-term confrontational therapy in treating
addiction.
Type of study: doctoral fellowship
Thematic area: psychology
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: A grant of $66,480 was allocated in 1999 to Yves Piché of the Université de Montréal, for a four-year period.
Name of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Sharing
food and drugs: a dialectic of health and harm.
Type
of study: post-doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: health,
social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $61,856 was allocated in 2000 to Olga Duhamel of the University of
Western Ontario, for a two-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The exit
trajectories from injectable drug use by young street people.
Type
of study: post-doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: criminology,
social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $75,056 was allocated in 2001 to Céline Bellot of the Université du
Québec à
Montréal, for a two-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Collective
research into the socio-health aspects of addiction.([1])
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant of $600,000 was allocated in 1999 to researchers Serge Brochu, Joël
Tremblay, Louise Guyon, Michel Landry, Michel Perreault, Marie-Denyse Boivin,
et al., for a three-year period. The funding, administered by the
Université de Montréal, was allocated under the Community-University
Research Alliances (CURA) program, a SSHRC pilot project.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Social
support: defining and reinforcing its role in adult substance abuse
treatment.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: psychology,
social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $60,000 was allocated in 1996 to Patricia Dobkin and Kathryn Gill,
both with McGill
University, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Role of
imagery in exercise participation, adherence and addiction.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: psychology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $75,000 was allocated in 1997 to Craig Hall, with the University of
Western Ontario, and Wendy Rodgers, with the University of Alberta. The
project, to last three years, was to be administered by the University of
Western Ontario.
Name of organization: Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Testing models of delinquency: a secondary data analysis approach.
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: criminology
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: A grant for $37,350 was allocated in 1998 to Augustine Brannigan, with the University of Calgary, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Economic
warfare, embargo busting and enterprise crime.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: crime,
economics
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $31,050 was allocated in 1998 to Thomas Naylor, with McGill
University, for a three-year period.
Name of organization: Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Opium in East Asian history, 1830-1945.
Type of study: congress and/or conferencepreparation
Thematic area: history, social
Drug references: opium
Additional information: A grant for $10,000 was allocated in 1996 to Timothy Brook, with the University of Toronto, for a one-year period, to prepare for a conference to be held in Toronto from 9 until 11 May 1997.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Sacred
crusade: anti-drug campaigns, 1920-1980.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: history,
social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $46,056 was allocated in 1996 to Catherine Carstairs, with the
University of Toronto, for a three-year period.
Name of organization: Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Perceptual reactance and drug addiction.
Type of study: doctoral fellowship
Thematic area: psychology
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: A grant for $46,056 was allocated in 1996 to Marilyn Keyes, with the University of Ottawa, for a three-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Ethnography
of outreach workers in risk reduction programs for injection drug users.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: anthropology,
ethnography, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $16,620 was allocated in 1998 to Gordon Roe, with Simon Fraser
University, for a one-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
social organization of heroin and marijuana distribution networks in Montreal,
1983-1994.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: criminology,
social
Drug
references: heroin,
marijuana
Additional
information: A
grant for $33,240 was allocated in 1998 to Carlo Morselli, with the Université
de Montréal, for a two-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Exploring
the link between violence, women and substance abuse.
Type
of study: doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: criminology,
sociology, women
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $33,240 was allocated in 1999 to Judith Grant, with York University,
for a two-year period.
Name of organization: Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: The influence of social networks on patterns of drug and alcohol use.
Type of study: post-doctoral fellowship
Thematic area: criminology, social
Drug references: alcohol (and other drugs)
Additional information: A grant for $55,968 was allocated in 1995 to N. Scot Wortley, with the University of Toronto, for a two-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Understanding
autonomy, self-trust, and integrity from the point of view of the lives of
people with addictions.
Type
of study: post-doctoral
fellowship
Thematic
area: ethics,
psychology, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
grant for $60,225 was allocated in 1999 to Carolyn McLeod, with the University
of Western Ontario, for a two-year period.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Self-determination
and health: a research program on decision making in substance abuse and
addiction treatment.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: administrative,
health, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: A
sum of $282,930 was awarded in the year 2000 to T. Cameron Wild, with the
University of Alberta, for a three-year period. Said sum was awarded as
part of the CIHR/SSHRC/NHRDP Health Career Award program, a program or
competition administered by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research
Council of Canada (SSHRC) but funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research (CIHR).
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Enhancement
of youth resiliency and reduction of harmful behaviours leading to healthy
lifestyle choices.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $600,000 was awarded in 1999 to scholars John Yardley, Tony Bogaert,
John
Cairney, Kelli-an Lawrance, Darla MacLean, Zopito Marini, etc., for a
three-year period, to be administered by Brock University. Said funding
was awarded as part of the Community-University Research Alliances (CURA)
program, a SSHRC pilot program.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
A
proposed health initiative concept: towards a Canadian health research
institute on addictions.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: administrative,
health, research
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $38,000 was awarded in 1999 to scholars Eric Single, Jacques
LeCavalier, Andrée
Demers, Louise Nadeau, and Louis Gliksman, for a one-year
period, to be administered by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Building
networks and network research through the CIHR: towards a functional
“institute without walls” on addictions.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: administrative,
research
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $30,000 was awarded in 1999 to scholars Christiane Poulin, Nady
El-Guebaly, Louis Gliksman, Eric Single, etc., for a one-year period, to be
administered by Dalhousie University. Said amount was awarded under the
auspices of the Tri-Council Workshop/Networking Program (a joint program
comprising the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Medical
Research Council of Canada; and meant to promote multi- and inter-disciplinary
research linkages).
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Illicit
opiate addiction, treatment and policy in Canada: a cross-disciplinary,
comprehensive and concerted research initiative (i.e., addiction treatment,
cocaine and opiate dependence, Hepatitis C, HIV and AIDS, psychiatric
disorders, psychosocial interventions, social costs, etc.)
Type
of study: includes
animal studies, clinical studies, as well as cohort studies
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, social, economic
Drug
references: cocaine,
opiates
Additional
information: An
amount of $157,382 was granted to Benedikt Fischer in 2000-01, to be
paid through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Central
mechanisms of stimulant addiction (i.e., drug self-administration,
mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons, prefrontal cortex, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
biology, physiology
Drug
references: cocaine,
stimulants
Additional
information: An
amount of $33,337 was granted to Alain Gratton in 1995-96, to be paid
through the Douglas Hospital Research Center in Verdun, Qué. A further
$33,337 was paid in 1996-97; $8,334 in 1997-98; $23,928 in
1997-98; $46,692 in 1998-99; $47,626 in 1999-00; as well as
$5,805 plus $23,219 in 2000-01.
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: 5-HT and dopamine in the mesocorticolimbic system (i.e., dopamine/5-HT interaction, atypical anti-psychotic drug action, etc.)
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, biology, physiology
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: An amount of $22,489 was granted to Andrew J. Greenshaw in 1995-96, to be paid through the
University of Alberta. A further $44,978 was paid in 1996-97; $44,978 in 1997-98; $22,489 plus $5,622 in 1998-99.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Neurotransmitter
mechanisms and drug actions in the central nervous system (i.e.,
electrophysiology, neuropeptides, nucleus accumbens, psychostimulants, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $38,598 was granted to Samuel B. Kombian in 1996-97, to
be paid through the University of Alberta.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The role
of the placenta in perinatal toxicology: the search for biological
markers (i.e., hair analysis, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: biology,
health
Drug
references: alcohol,
cocaine (tobacco as well)
Additional
information: An
amount of $60, 956 was granted to Gideon Koren in 1995-96, to be paid
through Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children. A further $30,478 was
paid in 1996-97; $40,500 in 1996-97; $81,000 in 1997-98;
$81,000 in 1998-99; $42,120 plus $41,310 in 1999-00; and $84,240
in 2000-01.
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Respiration and neuromodulators in development and hypoxia: effects of prenatal cocaine (i.e., microdyalisis, etc.)
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, physiology
Drug references: cocaine
Additional information: An amount of $12,487 was granted to JianKai Liu in 1999-00, to be paid through Montreal Children’s Hospital; a further $3,729 was paid in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Canadian consortium for the investigation of cannabinoids in human
therapeutics (i.e., analgesics, chronic pain, neurophatic pain, spasticity,
etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology, pharmacology
Drug
references: cannabis,
marijuana
Additional
information: An
amount of $40,000 was granted to Mary E. Lynch in 1999-00, to be
paid through Dalhousie University.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Behavioural
sensitization, tolerance and withdrawal effects after chronic stimulants
(i.e., drug abuse, psychoses, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology
Drug
references: stimulants
Additional
information: An
amount of $14,883 was granted to Mathew T. Martin-Iverson in
1995-96, to be paid through the University of Alberta.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Systematic
reviews of the efficacy and safety of four medical uses of marijuana (i.e.,
AIDS, anorexia, chemotherapy, multiple sclerosis, pain and quality of life,
spasticity, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
pharmacology
Drug
references: cannabis,
marijuana
Additional
information: An
amount of $202,698 was given to David Moher in 2000-01, to be paid
through the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO).
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Dopamine-glutamate interactions in sensitization to amphetamine (i.e., behavioural sensitization, mid-brain, stimulants, etc.)
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, physiology
Drug references: amphetamines, stimulants
Additional information: An amount of $19,430 was granted to Isabella Moroz in 1999-00, to be paid through Concordia University. A further $19,430 was paid in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Dopamine
glutamate and binge-abstinence-relapse cycles of psycho-stimulant abuse (i.e.,
behaviour in vivo electrochemistry, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $98,016 was granted to Anthony G. Phillips in 1999-00, to
be paid through the University of British Columbia. A further $83,833
was paid in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
A
population-based inquiry into stimulant use among adolescents: a
research program (i.e., attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder, substance
abuse, etc.)
Type
of study: includes
surveys
Thematic
area: health,
youth, psychology
Drug
references: stimulants
Additional
information: An
amount of $6,127 was granted to Christiane C. Poulin in 1997-98, to
be paid through Dalhousie University. A further $43,567 was paid in
1998-99; $50,304 in 1999-00; and $50,304 in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Role of
sensory neurotransmitters and their messengers in opioid tolerance (i.e.,
analgesia, morphine tolerance, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: morphine,
opiates
Additional
information: An
amount of $17,944.17 was granted to Kelly J. Powell in 2000-01, to
be paid through Queen’s University.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Neural
mechanisms involved in cocaine self-administration (i.e., GABA modulation of
cocaine reinforcement, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: cocaine
Additional
information: An
amount of $55,044 was granted to David C. Roberts in 1995-96, to be
paid through Carleton University. A further $31,891 plus another $27,522
was paid in 1996-97; $59,382 in 1997-98; and $59,382 in
1998-99.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Gene
expression and psychomotor stimulant addiction (i.e., antisense
oligonucleotides as tools, immediate-early genes and drug addiction).
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
genetic
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $6,300 was granted to Harold A. Robertson in 1995-96, to
be paid through Dalhousie University, plus another $9,272. A further
$37,088 was paid in 1996-97; $46,360 in 1997-98; $46,360 in
1998-99; $93,431 in 1999-00; and $89,541 in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Dopamine-neurotensin
interactions in the central nervous system (CNS): behavioural and
electrophysiological studies (i.e., prefrontal cortex, schizophrenia, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology, psychology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $46,141 was granted to Pierre-Paul Rompré in 1995-96, to be
paid through Montreal’s Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur and/or l’Université de
Montréal. A further $46,141 was paid in 1996-97; $25,945 plus
$11,535 in 1997-98; $44,989 in 1998-99; $45,889 in 1999-00;
and $22,944 plus $75,496 in 2000-01.
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Drug withdrawal and vulnerability to relapse.
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, psychology, social
Drug references: cocaine, heroin
Additional information: An amount of $34,198 was granted to Yavin Shaham in 1996-97, to be paid through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. A further $47,134 was paid in 1997-98; $47,134 in 1998-99; and $15,686 in 1999-00.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Cannabinoids
in the control of nausea and vomiting (i.e., the brainstem and cannabinoid
receptors, emesis, the enteric nervous system, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology, pharmacology
Drug
references: cannabis
Additional
information: An
amount of $101,542 was granted to Keith A. Sharkey in 2000-01, to
be paid through the University of Calgary.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary: Neural
substrate for brain stimulation reward (i.e., medial forebrain bundle, reward
mechanisms, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $48,241 was granted to Peter Shizgal in 1995-96, to be paid
through Concordia University. A further $48,241 was paid in
1996-97; $48,241 in 1997-98; $48,241 in 1998-99; $65,012 in
1999-00; and $50,012 in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
FMRI in
young adults exposed pre-natally to marijuana.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: marijuana
Additional
information: An
amount of $26,833 was granted to Andra M. Smith in 2000-01, to be
paid through Carleton University.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Conditioned
physiological changes to repeated administration of psychoactive drugs (i.e.,
behavioural sensitization, opiate and stimulant drug enduring changes in
dopamine and/or dopaminergic functioning, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology, pharmacology
Drug
references: opiates,
stimulants
Additional
information: An
amount of $61,981 was granted to Jane Stewart in 1995-96, to be paid
through Concordia University. A further $30,990 plus $50,969 was paid in
1996-97; $73,498 in 1997-98; $102,080 in 1998-99; $74,968 in
1999-00; and $74,968 in 2000-01.
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: CCK involvement in psycho-stimulant drug reward and/or drug craving (i.e., behaviour cholecystokinin, nucleus
accumbens, peptide transmitters, etc.)
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, physiology
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: An amount of $57,656 was granted to Franco J. Vaccarino in 1995-96, to be paid through the University of Toronto and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. A further $28,826 plus $61,376 was paid in 1996-97; $67,176 in 1997-98; $93,300 in 1998-99; $68,520 in 1999-00; and $68,520 in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
New
cocaine congeners: radiotracers for dopamine receptors.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: cocaine
Additional
information: An
amount of $28,500 was granted to Alan A. Wilson in 1995-96, to be
paid through the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. A further
$28,500 was paid in 1996-97.
Name of organization: Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: Dopaminergic correlates of intravenous drug abuse (i.e., opiates, stimulants, etc.)
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: health, physiology
Drug references: opiates, stimulants
Additional information: An amount of $50,662 was granted to Roy A. Wise in 1995-96, to be paid through Concordia University. A further $23,180 plus $50,662 was paid in 1996-97; $88,167 in 1997-98; $76,227 in 1998-99;
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
Muscarinic
receptors in reward and locomotion (i.e., antisense olgigonucleotides, brain
stimulation, M5 Receptord, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
physiology
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: An
amount of $25,385 was granted to John S. Yeomans in 1997-98, to be
paid through the University of Toronto. A further $47,386 was paid in
1998-99; $55,467 in 1999-00; and $55,467 in 2000-01.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
natural history and consequences of alcohol and drug use, problem use and
dependence from childhood to young adulthood in a community sample (i.e.,
epidemiology, psychiatric disorders, risk factors, substance dependence, etc.)
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, youth, social
Drug
references: alcohol,
marijuana
Additional
information: An
amount of $77,408 was granted to Mark Zoccolillo in 2000-01, to be paid
through Montreal Children’s Hospital.
FEDERAL INVENTORY
SECTION II: DEPARTMENTS/AGENCIES
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Canada’s
Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey, 1994: A Discussion of the Findings;
prepared for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues by Patricia
MacNeil and Ikuko Webster, along with Florence Kellner, Christiane Poulin, and
Eric Single; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1997, 92 p.
Summary:
This
publication constitutes a detailed look at Canadian’s behaviours and
attitudes around alcohol and other drugs as revealed in the second and most
recent national survey conducted under the research arm of Phase II of
Canada’s Drug Strategy, a collaborative endeavour of federal, provincial and
territorial governments, and various other groups. This publication
looks at alcohol, tobacco, licit drugs, illicit drugs, and gambling, and
reflects a greater emphasis on so-called applied research; it also contains a
section on public opinion with regard to such issues.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
psychology
Drug
references: alcohol,
amphetamines, cannabis, crack/cocaine, glue and solvents, heroin, LSD, etc.
Additional
information: This
publication updates and expands on data gathered in the 1989 National
Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Canada’s
Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey, 1994: Preview 1995;published
by Health Canada, Ottawa, Fall 1995, 6 p.
Summary:
This is a
preview of the findings of the most recent cross-Canada survey of alcohol and
other drugs; it is part of
the second and most recent national survey
conducted under the research arm of Canada’s Drug Strategy, a collaborative
endeavour of federal, provincial and territorial governments, and various
other groups. This preliminary survey was conducted by Statistics Canada
on behalf of Health Canada. Interviewing took place in Edmonton,
Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, during the fall of 1994 and sample
size was 12,155.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
psychology
Drug
references: alcohol,
amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, LSD, steroids and solvents, etc.
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Canada’s
Drug Strategy;prepared
by the Interdepartmental Working Group on Substance Abuse; published by the
Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa, 1998,
29 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
Canada’s
Drug Strategy is meant to reflect a balance between reducing the supply of
drugs and reducing the demand for drugs. It is a combined effort of
various government departments as well as many other groups. Seven
components actually provide the framework for Canada’s Drug Strategy; they
are: 1) research and knowledge development; 2) knowledge
dissemination; 3) prevention programming; 4) treatment and
rehabilitation; 5) legislation, enforcement and control; 6) national
coordination; and 7) international cooperation.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: criminology,
health, legislative, social
Drug
references: alcohol,
amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, heroine, LSD,etc.
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Straight
Facts About Drugs & Drug Abuse;prepared
in partnership with various groups; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 2000,
60 p. (includes bibliographic references as well as a list of contact
organizations)
Summary:
This
booklet was written primarily as a resource for police, educators, trainers,
social service and health care providers, as well as students. It
provides diverse information on commonly used mood-altering or psychoactive
drugs such as hallucinogens, opioids, stimulants, antidepressants, etc. It contains detailed information on each of those drugs, such as a
description, its origin and medical uses, its short- and long-term effects,
its tolerance and dependence properties, its legal status, etc. It also
addresses the issue of why people take drugs and discusses Canada’s Drug
Strategy.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
social
Drug
references: alcohol,
cannabis, opiates, steroids, stimulants, etc.
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Best
Practices: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects and the Effects
of Other
Substance Use During Pregnancy;prepared
by Gary Roberts and Jo Nanson for Canada’s Drug Strategy Division, Health
Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, December 2000, 118 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document examines Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)/Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE), a
complex, but preventable problem. Specifically, this document looks at
both the human costs and the economic costs associated to that particular
problem, as well as the specific needs of various population groups.
Type
of study: literature
review
Thematic
area: health,
economic, women and children
Drug
references: alcohol,
cannabis, inhalants, opiates, stimulants, etc.
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Situational
Analysis: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects and the Effects
of Other Substance Use During Pregnancy;prepared
by Carole Legge, Gary Roberts and Mollie Butler; published by Health Canada,
Ottawa, December 2000, 68 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
publication constitutes a “situational analysis” project on Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (FAS) / Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) and the effects of other
substance use during pregnancy. It examines various prevention,
identification, and intervention issues, as well as community and systems
support programs now in place.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
social, women and children
Drug
references: alcohol,
inhalants, opiates, stimulants, etc.
Additional
information: Project
undertaken in the Spring of 1999 by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse
(CCSA); survey itself lasted until December 1999.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Literature
Review: Evaluation Strategies in Aboriginal Substance Abuse Programs:
A Discussion;published
by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1999, 61 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document examines various Aboriginal substance abuse programs, with an aim to
“presenting the different approaches to prevention and treatment that are
currently being used, and identify the indicators of effectiveness these
programs have used in evaluations”; it looks at alcohol use as well as drug
abuse and solvent abuse.
Type
of study: literature
reviewand survey
Thematic
area: Aboriginals,
criminology, health, social
Drug
references: alcohol,
solvents
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: HIV/AIDS
Epi Update: HIV and AIDS Among Aboriginal People in Canada;published
by the Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada,
Ottawa, April 2000, 7 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report constitutes an update on the status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among
Canada’s Aboriginal people and looks at injection drug use (IDU) as one of
the risk factors.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: Aboriginals,
HIV/AIDS
Drug
references: cocaine,
Ritalin, talwin, etc.
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Profile:
Substance Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation in Canada;prepared
by Gary Roberts and Alan Ogborne in collaboration with Gillian Leigh and
Lorraine Adam for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health
Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1999, 48 p. (includes
bibliographic references and a glossary)
Summary:
This
report profiles the history and present system of substance abuse treatment
and rehabilitation in Canada. It includes information on various groups
who provide such services, including federal and provincial and/or territorial
governments. It also includes information on standards, monitoring and
evaluation, professional development, treatment philosophies and practices as
well as ongoing challenges and emerging issues.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
social, political
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Best
Practices: Substance Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation;prepared
by Gary Roberts and Alan Ogborne in collaboration with Gillian Leigh and
Lorraine Adam for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health
Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1999, 92 p. (includes
bibliographic references and a glossary)
Summary:
This
report reviews national and international literature on substance abuse
treatment and rehabilitation and makes recommendations on best practices.
It examines various treatment approaches and considers various factors that
can affect treatment effectiveness. It also examines effective
approaches for treating special populations (i.e., women, youth, clients with
concurrent mental health problems, clients living with HIV/AIDS, etc). Finally, it addresses issues such as the economic benefits of substance abuse
treatment.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
economic, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada.
Bibliographic
data: A
Study of Resiliency in Communities;prepared
by the Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre in collaboration with Miriam
Stewart, Graham Reid, Leonard Buckles, Wayne Edgar, Colin Mangham, Neil Tilley
and Susan Jackson for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues,
Health Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1999, 99 p. (includes
bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
study describes the concept of resiliency at the community level and its
potential for use in health promotion and population health. It profiles
three small communities on the Atlantic coast that were hard hit by the
collapse of the groundfish industry in the 1990’s: Chéticamp, N.S.,
Isle Madame, N.S., and Dildo, Nfld, identifying factors related to risk,
protection, and how communities rebuild following adversity. It also
includes recommendations (sixteen of them).
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Resiliency;
Relevance to Health Promotion; Annotated Bibliography;prepared by
Colin Mangham, Patrick McGrath, Graham Reid and Miriam Stewart in
collaboration with the Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre for the
Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada; published by Health Canada,
Ottawa, 1995, 57 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document belongs to a three-part series. It identifies current
literature about substance use (or abuse) and mental health and highlights
relevant links; it also provides annotations.
Type
of study: literature
review
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, mental health
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Resiliency:
Relevance to Health Promotion: Detailed Analysis;prepared
by Colin Mangham, Patrick McGrath, Graham Reid and Miriam Stewart in
collaboration with the Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre for the
Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada; published by Health Canada,
Ottawa, 1995, 28 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document belongs to a three-part series. It provides an expanded
definition of resiliency that includes individuals as well as systems and that
has five major components: 1) human systems; 2) optimum health
and functioning; 3) risk; 4) protective factors; and 5) time.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, social, mental health
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Resiliency:
Relevance to Health Promotion: Discussion Paper;prepared
by Colin Mangham, Patrick McGrath, Graham Reid and Miriam Stewart in
collaboration with the Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre for the
Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada; published by Health Canada,
Ottawa, 1995, 21 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document belongs to a three-part series. It reviews the background
research on resiliency, offers an expanded definition of the concept, and
discusses potential implications for health promotion research, programs and
policy. Hypothetical case studies are included to illustrate concepts
and applications of resiliency to health promotion.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
psychology, mental health
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Exploring
the Links Between Substance Use and Mental Health;
Section I: A Discussion Paper; Section II: A
Round Table;prepared under contract to Health Canada through the Atlantic
Health Promotion Research Centre by Colleen Hood, Colin Mangham, Don McGuire,
and Gillian Leigh; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1996, 78 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
study highlights the history of linkages between mental health and substance
use, and how one’s state of mind can influence the amount, frequency and
effect of that substance. It contains discussions of issues identified
through a literature search, issues associated with the links that exist
between mental health and substance use, and ideas for improving health
promotion and treatment. To illustrate such linkages, the authors use a
model placing mental health and substance use on continuums that include
common protective and risk factors. Current approaches and challenges in
prevention and health promotion are discussed. Treatment issues such as
dual disorders and philosophical differences between the mental health and
addictions fields are also included. Various recommendations meant to
improve health promotion and treatment are also made.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, mental health, psychology, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Exploring
the Links Between Substance Use and Mental Health;
Section I: An Annotated Bibliography; Section II:
A Detailed Analysis;prepared by Colleen Hood, Colin Mangham, Don McGuire,
and Gillian Leigh, along with Nathalie Guérin and Harman Kochhar; published
by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1996, 252 p. (includes bibliographic
references)
Summary:
This
document includes an “annotated bibliography” as well as a “detailed
analysis” of those links that exist between substance use and mental
health. This document includes references that deal with risk and
protective factors for substance use and/or mental health as well as
references that deal with exploring the links between mental health and
substance use and references that deal with prevention and treatment.
Type
of study: literature
review
Thematic
area: addiction,
mental health, psychology, social
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Horizons
One: Older Canadians’ Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Increasing Our
Understanding;edited
by David Hewitt, Garry Vinje and Patricia MacNeil; published by the Alcohol
and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada, Ottawa, 1995, 63 p. (includes
bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report summarizes some of the most significant and interesting results about
older Canadians’ alcohol and other drug use from recent survey research.
It also highlights gaps in current knowledge and suggests methods by which
deficiencies in our understanding can be corrected. It looks at the use
of alcohol, tobacco, medications, and illegal drugs among older Canadians; and
it concludes with recommendations concerning specific questions that could be
included in future surveys.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
seniors
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs (tobacco and medications as well)
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Horizons
Two: Canadian Women’s Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Increasing Our
Understanding;edited
by David Hewitt, Garry Vinje and Patricia MacNeil; published by the Alcohol
and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada, Ottawa, 1995, 56 p. (includes
bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report summarizes some of the more significant results about women’s
substance use from recent Canadian survey research. It also highlights
gaps in current knowledge and provides guidelines for collecting data on
women’s use of substances as well as sample survey questions to address
women’s issues, concerns, and situations. It explains that, until the
1980’s, surveys mostly used questions that were based on men’s experiences
and that those questions were not necessarily relevant to women’s
experiences. It also discusses the fact that tranquilizers and other
medications are too often prescribed to women as a means of solving certain
problems rather than addressing those problems directly.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs (tobacco and medications as well)
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Horizons
Three: Young Canadians’ Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Increasing
Our Understanding;edited
by David Hewitt, Garry Vinje and Patricia MacNeil; published by the Alcohol
and Other Drugs Unit, Health Canada, Ottawa, 1995, 93 p. (includes
bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report summarizes some of the most significant and interesting results about
young people’s alcohol and other drug use from recent Canadian surveys.
It also highlights gaps in current knowledge and suggests methods to correct
deficiencies, providing a comprehensive set of survey questions for assessing
alcohol and other drug use by young people.
Type
of study: survey
Thematic
area: health,
youth
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs (tobacco and medications as well)
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Second
National Workshop on HIV, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use: Proceedings:
Edmonton, Alberta, February 6-9, 1994;edited
and published by the Organizing Committee, Edmonton, Ottawa, 1994, 127 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
document contains the proceedings of a major conference that was held to
address various issues and concerns with regards to HIV/AIDS and alcohol or
substance abuse; it contains a list of recommendations.
Type
of study: congress
proceedings
Thematic
area: health,
HIV/AIDS
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: The
conference was co-hosted by Health Canada, the Canadian Centre on Substance
Abuse, the Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission, and the Alberta AIDS
Program. It was funded by the AIDS Education and Prevention Unit under
the National AIDS Strategy and the Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit, under
Canada’s Drug Strategy, Health Canada.
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Partners
for Action: A Canadian Workshop on Seniors and Medication, Alcohol and
Other Drugs: January 9, 10 and 11, 1995, Government Conference
Centre, Ottawa;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1995, 91 p.
Summary:
This
report summarizes the discussion that took place at a 1995 workshop involving
89 participants from across Canada working on various issues relating to
seniors and medication, alcohol and other drugs – and includes relevant
recommendations.
Type
of study: congress
proceedings
Thematic
area: health,
seniors
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs, medicationas well
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Report
from “Working Together, a National Workshop for Action on Women and
Substance Use”;published
by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1994, 64 p.
Summary:
This
document contains proceedings of a workshop that was held in Ottawa in
February 1994 on various issues relating to women and substance use (i.e.,
substance abuse at different life stages and among specific groups; it
indicates the links with violence, HIV/AIDS, and mental health; etc.)
Type
of study: congress
proceedings
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: The
workshop was hosted by the Alcohol and Other Drugs Unit, Health Programs and
Services Branch, Health Canada, as part of Canada’s Drug Strategy. It
was held in Ottawa from February 22 to 24, 1994, and comprised 66
participants from across Canada involved in women’s health, substance use,
and other related areas.
Name
of organization: Candada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Best
Practices: Treatment and Rehabilitation for Women with Substance Use
Problems;prepared
by Janet C. Currie, Focus Consultants, for Canada’s Drug Strategy
Division, Health Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 2001, 84 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report identifies elements of best practice in the treatment and
rehabilitation of women with substance use problems. Best practices are
identified and described in the areas of: client outreach, contact and
engagement, treatment principles, specific approaches and methods, client
retention in treatment, treatment organization and duration, delivery of
adjunctive services, and measurement of treatment effectiveness. Recommendations for best practices are based on the results of interviews with
some 40 key experts as well as a review of current literature related to these
topic areas. The report summarizes patterns and impacts of women’s
substance use. It also describes characteristics of specialized
population groups, such as pregnant and parenting women, Aboriginal and
ethno-cultural minority women, etc.
Type
of study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Rural
Women and Substance Use: Issues and Implications for Programming;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Promotion and
Programs Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, 1996, 49 p. (includes
bibliographic references and a list of key contacts)
Summary:
This
report identifies substance issues, programs and models for women in rural
communities and identifies key components for a range of effective substance
abuse programs. The project involved a literature review and contacts
with key informants to identify key issues and appropriate programs for rural
women.
Type
of study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, rural communities, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Rural
Women and Substance Use: Insights from a National Project in Three
Communities;
published by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health
Canada, Ottawa, 1997, 34 p. (includes a list of key sources for resource
material)
Summary:
This
report documents the experiences of three rural communities interested in
developing responses to meet the needs of women with substance abuse problems,
including their successes and challenges. Those three communities are:
1) Carmanville and surrounding area, Newfoundland; 2) Saint-Georges
de Malbaie, in the Percé area, Quebec; and 3) Wynyard and surrounding
area, Saskatchewan. The report itself is meant to assist other
communities interested in undertaking similar initiatives.
Type
of study: N/A
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, rural communities, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Immigrant
Women and Substance Use: Current Issues, Programs and Recommendations;prepared
for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Population Health
Directorate, Health Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1996, 29 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
project was undertaken to learn more about substance use issues concerning
immigrant, refugee and racial minority women. The project resulted in a
comprehensive literature review and report of consultations with key
informants and program deliveries concerning substance use issues and programs
for these populations. The report itself describes existing programs and
activities and makes suggestions and/or recommendations towards further
program development.
Type
of study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: addiction,
health, immigrants and minority groups, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Cocaine
Use: Recommendations in Treatment and Rehabilitation;prepared
for the Canada’s Drug Strategy Division by G. Ron Norton, Michael
Weinrath, and Michel Bonin, all with the University of Winnipeg; published by
Health Canada, Ottawa, 2000, 44 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report includes an historical overview of cocaine use as well as a profile of
cocaine use in Canada (i.e., its use among women, youth, people living Hep C
or AIDS, etc.) It looks at the effects of cocaine as well as various
treatment approaches (i.e., pharmacotherapy vs. behavioural treatments) and
makes recommendations accordingly.
Type
of study: NA
Thematic
area: criminology,
health, social
Drug
references: cocaine
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: DWI
Repeat Offenders: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature;prepared
by Douglas J. Beirness, Daniel R. Mayhew and Herb M. Simpson,
with the Traffic Injury Research Foundation, for the Office of Alcohol, Drugs
and Dependency Issues, Health Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1997,
156 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
The
literature on the problem of repeat driving-while-impaired offenders in Canada
(i.e., DWI offenders) shows that as many as three-quarters of the persons
convicted on a DWI offence are repeat offenders and that these very same drivers
account for a substantial proportion of alcohol-related crashes. This
report provides a comprehensive review of the literature on this dangerous group
and examines diverse tactics for improving prevention, identification,
apprehension, sanction and rehabilitation programs.
Type of
study: literature
review
Thematic
area: driving
while impaired, road safety
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: DWI
Repeat Offenders: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature:
Highlights;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1997, 23 p.
Summary:
This report
provides the highlights of a 1997 156 p. technical report entitled
DWI Repeat Offenders: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature.
This shorter version identifies and summarizes characteristics of DWI repeat
offenders. It also reviews existing countermeasures for dealing with such
individuals and provides recommendations accordingly.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: driving
while impaired, road safety
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Evaluation
of the Addictions Foundation of Manitoba’s Impaired Drivers’ Program;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1997, 116 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report documents the retrospective evaluation of the Addictions Foundation of
Manitoba’s Impaired Drivers’ Program. This model program is an
integrated system of assessment and rehabilitation and the results of the
assessment are meant to guide decision-making regarding effective
interventions.
Type of
study: program
evaluation
Thematic
area: driving
while impaired, road safety
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: The
Street Lifestyle Study;prepared
by Tullio Caputo, Richard Weiler and Jim Anderson for the Office of Alcohol,
Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada; published by Health Canada,
Ottawa, 1997, 50 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report presents the results of a research project designed to examine the
antecedents to street involvement and to identify prevention strategies aimed
at young people who are at risk of going to the street. It examines
factors that keep young people on the street as well as factors that may
represent barriers to their leaving the street. Intervention strategies
for assisting young people in getting off the street and factors that
facilitate the transition to mainstream society are also considered. It
should be noted that research sites were identified in each of the five
federal regions, including the Atlantic region, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies,
and the Pacific region.
Type of
study: survey
Thematic
area: homeless,
youth
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Best
Practices: Treatment and Rehabilitation for Youth with Substance Use
Problems;prepared
by Janet C. Currie, Focus Consultants, for Canada’s Drug Strategy
Division, Health Canada; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 2001, 59 p.
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report identifies elements of best practice in the treatment and
rehabilitation of youth with substance use problems. Best practices are
identified and described in the areas of client outreach, contact and
engagement, retention of clients in treatment, overall treatment
values/philosophy, specific approaches and methods, relapse prevention,
structure of treatment and integration of relevant support services.
Recommendations for best practices are based on the results of interviews with
33 key experts and a review of current literature related to these topic
areas. The report also addresses barriers to treatment affecting the
youth population. In order to provide a context for examining treatment
barriers and effective approaches for youth, the report summarizes general
patterns of youth substance use in Canada and provides an overview of factors
associated with substance use. Characteristics of specialized population
groups, such as street-involved youth, Aboriginal youth or youth involved in
the juvenile justice system, are also described.
Type of
study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: youth
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Meeting
the Needs of Youth-at-Risk in Canada: Learnings from a National
Community Development Project;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1997, 105 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
report details a collaborative initiative between Health Canada, provincial
and/or territorial governments and some 42 communities across Canada.
(Sites were assisted in undertaking community development processes to address
issues facing youth-at-risk). This report presents a set of learnings
and a model for community development for this target group that can be
transferred to other communities. The community development project in
question was called the “Community Development – Out-of-the-Mainstream
Youth (CD-OOMY) Project”; it had come about, in part, as a result of a
series of four workshops sponsored by Health Canada in 1993 and 1994 in
selected locations across Canada.
Type of
study: survey
Thematic
area: community
involvement, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Meeting
the Needs of Youth-at-Risk in Canada: A Summary of the Learnings;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1997, 4 p.
Summary:
This
booklet provides a summary of the learnings detailed in a 1997 105 p.
report entitled Meeting the Needs of Youth-at-Risk in Canada:
Learnings from a National Community Development Project. It
proposes a model for community development that addresses issues facing
youth-at-risk: 1) developing and maintaining the group;
2) connecting to the target audience; 3) developing group capacity;
4) developing legitimacy; and 5) negotiating and contracting
partnerships.
Type of
study: survey
Thematic
area: community
involvement, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Tips
for Working with Youth in Community Development Projects;published
by the Office of Alcohol, Drugs and Dependency Issues, Health Canada, Ottawa,
1997, 20 p.
Summary:
This
brochure gives youth groups tips on how to involve youth and how to maintain
youth involvement; it also provides tips on how to forge links with the wider
community.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: community
involvement, youth
Drug
references: N/A
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Health Canada
Bibliographic data: Peer Helper Initiatives for Out-of-the-Mainstream Youth: A Report and Compendium;prepared by Tullio Caputo, Richard Weiler and Lara Green; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, 1996, 86 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary: This document includes a review of relevant literature on peer helper initiatives (goals, target populations, training requirements and evaluation strategies). It focuses on the types of peer helper initiatives that are successful in working with youth-at-risk and the challenges that are present when developing or maintaining peer helper initiatives. The study was based on site visits in selected communities, interviews and focus groups discussions with youth-at-risk and those providing services to these young people.
Type of study: literature review and survey
Thematic area: community involvement, youth
Drug references: N/A
Additional information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada.
Health Canada
Bibliographic
data: Horizons
1994: Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Canada;prepared
by Eric Single, Anne MacLennan and Patricia MacNeil; co-published by the
Health Promotion Directorate, Health Canada, and the Canadian Centre on
Substance Abuse, Ottawa, 1994, 56 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This was
the first research-based publication to emerge after Canada’s Drug Strategy
entered its second phase in 1992. Published in 1994, it was a most
comprehensive review of knowledge available at that time about alcohol and
other drug use as well as related health and social problems in Canada.
It also examined work of potentially national significance in all of the
provinces and territories concerning people particularly at risk: women,
Aboriginals, out-of-the-mainstream youth, seniors, impaired drivers, etc.
Type of
study: literature
review
Thematic
area: health,
social
Drug
references: alcohol,
licit and illicit drugs (and tobacco)
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of Organization: Canada.
Justice Canada
Bibliographic
data: The
Relationship Between Illegal Drugs and Firearms: A Literature Review;prepared
by Eugene Oscapella; published by the Research and Statistics Division,
Justice Canada, Ottawa, July 1998, 31 p. (working document no.
WD1998-10E)
Summary:
This
study examines the links that exist between illegal drugs and firearms, using
two methods: 1) literature reviews – American literature for the
most part – and 2) interviews with Canadian police officers who have
worked in drug law enforcement. This study finds that drugs and firearms
appear to be linked in several ways: the drug trade is regulated by
violence, often with firearms; dependent drug users may need to commit crimes
in order to secure the money necessary to buy illegal drugs, and they may use
firearms in order to commit those crimes.
Type of
Study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: criminology,
firearms
Drug
References: N/A
Additional
Information: This
study was funded by the Canadian Firearms Centre, Justice Canada.
Name
of Organization: Canada.
Justice Canada
Bibliographic
data: Questions
& Answers on Drug Use and Offending;published
by the Research and Statistics Division, Justice Canada, Ottawa, 2000,
21 p. (Q&A no. 2000-2e)
Summary:
This
publication provides easy, basic Q & A information on drug use and
offending in Canada. Amongst other things, it explains the 1997 Controlled
Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). As well, it examines drug use among
Canadians and the effect of such drug use on both the penal and the health
care system. It also includes a number of statistics as to sentencing,
length of sentencing, etc.
Type of
Study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: criminology,
health, prison populations
Drug
References: illicit
drugs
Additional
Information: N/A
Name
of Organization: Canada.
Justice Canada
Bibliographic
data: Profile
and Projection of Drug Offences in Canada;prepared
by Kwing Hung and Nathalie L. Quann; published by the Research and
Statistics Division, Justice Canada, Ottawa, February 2000, 29 p.
Summary:
This
publication provides a series of statistics and/or charts relating to drug
offences in Canada (i.e., a historical profile of trends in the past twenty
years plus a five-year projection of trends into the future, including police
data, court data, with data by province and/or territory as well as national).
Type of
Study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: criminology
Drug
References: illicit
drugs
Additional
Information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: The Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is currently designing a program known as the “Women Offenders Substance Abuse Program.” This particular program is meant to meet the special needs of women offenders who are addicted to drugs and/or alcohol. An external expert advisory panel will provide direction; consultations with women offenders and other stakeholders are planned as well. Note: this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of study: in-house program
Thematic area: prison populations, criminology, health, women
Drug references: alcohol, illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will
develop a program entitled “Aboriginal Substance Abuse Program.” To
ensure that it remains culturally sensitive, this particular program will be
developed by various Aboriginal groups that are experienced with addiction
issues. A national Aboriginal advisory committee will also assist.
Note: this information was provided as part of the
Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
program
Thematic
area: Aboriginals,
prison populations, criminology, health
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
developing a program entitled “High Intensity Substance Abuse Program.”
This program, which is being developed using in-house program experts from
across the country, will provide a more extensive program than was previously
available for the most serious addicted offenders. Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
program
Thematic
area: prison
populations, health
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
developing, in co-operation with the John Howard Society of Moncton, a program
entitled “Enhanced Community Intervention Program for Substance Abusers.”
This program will include a core substance abuse treatment component with
enhanced use of community resources and emphasis will be on “individualized”
treatment. The “Enhanced Community Intervention Program for Substance
Abusers” will be directed at offenders who, in addition to their substance
abuse problems, have great need for support in other areas such as employment,
family relations, finance, community living, etc. Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
program
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, health, criminology
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
setting up a feasibility study entitled “Feasibility of Specialized
Intervention for Drug Dealers.” This feasibility study is being
carried out in order to determine the type and level of need for drug dealers
as a group and to outline possible program components (i.e., it has been found
that some offenders who have convictions for drug related offences do not have
an addiction and that for those particular individuals some other type of
intervention is needed in order to reduce the likelihood of continued drug
offences, especially as traditional substance abuse programs appear to be
somewhat less efficient in their case). Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: drug
dealers, prison populations, health
Drug references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of
organization:
Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
setting up a program entitled “Redevelopment of the Computerized Lifestyle
Assessment Instrument (CLAI).” Redevelopment of the CLAI should result
in a reduction of the time required to administer substance abuse assessments
to offenders but should not affect the integrity of the program referral
data. Redevelopment of the CLAI will also update test instruments where
required and will strive for more efficiency. Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
program
Thematic
area: prison
populations, research
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
carrying out a study entitled “Identification and Assessment of Offenders
with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).” This study will try and determine
the most appropriate tools for assessing adult offenders for evidence of
FAS. (Most physical characteristics of FAS are reduced as a child grows
and by adulthood identification using physical characteristics becomes very
difficult; consequently, other characteristics must be found). Note:
this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan”
for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, research
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
carrying out a study on “Intensive Support Units.” Research on the
impact of intensive support units that assist addicted and non-addicted
offenders maintain a drug-free lifestyle will assist in determining the
benefits of these units. This study will profile offenders in these
units, measure recidivism outcome and look at institutional impacts. Note:
this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan”
for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
carrying out a study entitled “Recidivism Follow-up of Offenders Treated
with Methadone.” This study will follow offenders who have received
methadone as part of the Phase I methadone program after their release in
order to determine the impact that methadone may have on release
outcome.
Note: this information was provided as part of the
Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, health
Drug
references: illicit
drugs(methadone as well)
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: The Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is carrying out a study entitled “Impact of Methadone on Offender Behaviour.” This particular study will look at offender behaviour prior to and during methadone treatment in order to determine if behavioural changes are evident (i.e., anecdotal evidence suggest that offenders being treated with methadone are much calmer and present fewer challenges to staff). Note: this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of study: in-house study
Thematic area: prison populations, social, psychology
Drug references: illicit drugs (methadone as well)
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division is
carrying out a study called “Community Follow-up of Methadone Treated
Offenders: Impacting More than Recidivism.” This particular
study will investigate community impacts of methadone treatment beyond
recidivism (i.e., studies have shown that those receiving methadone are less
likely to be involved in undetected criminal activity, that they make reduced
demands on the health care system, and that they are more likely to be
employed; and that these outcomes contribute to a safer, healthier community
environment for all). Note: this information was
provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology, health
Drug
references: illicit
drugs(methadone as well)
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Divisionis
carrying out random drug testing in institutions; resulting research analysis
should establish patterns of testing, determine the degree to which the
testing is random, as well as determine how the results might be used in
furthering our understanding of drug use patterns in individual institutions
and across the country. Changes in drug use patterns across time will
also be examined and patterns of test failure explored in conjunction with the
development of offender profiles. Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: N/A
Summary: The Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Divisionwill be trying to improve the effectiveness of “reasonable grounds” drug testing in institutions. Analyses of the hit rate for “reasonable grounds” drug testing will be conducted to study the effectiveness of this intervention and to identify how greater accuracy could be achieved. Comparisons of offender characteristics will also be made in order to determine if any useful relationship does exist. Note: this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of study: in-house study
Thematic area: prison populations, social
Drug references: illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name of
organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary: The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will
assess the results of community drug testing. Drug testing to monitor
abstinence program conditions will be studied in order to determine patterns of
failure and characteristics of offenders who are at increased risk to
fail. Success/failure patterns across time will be identified and/or
evaluated.
Note: this information was provided as part of the
Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will
attempt to better understand the offender population by developing detailed
profiles of substance abusing offenders in order to better identify those
offenders’ needs within an overall treatment context. In addition, the
analyses thus obtained will identify groups of offenders who may require
specialized interventions that go beyond their substance abuse problem. Note:
this information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan”
for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, psychology, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will
conduct analyses in order to determine if it is possible to measure the
incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in the offender population using
currently available information on lifestyle, learning, and behavioural
characteristics. It is believed that knowing the incidence of FAS among
offenders would help determine the best method of providing
intervention.
Note: this information was provided as part of the
Division’s “Research Plan” for 2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, health
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will be
developing a “database of addictions researchers in Canada” in order to
1) reduce the chances of duplication of effort and 2) increase our
opportunities for building strong relationships with the addictions research
community. The database will be available on the internet and will be
accessible to researchers and to staff from the Correctional Service.
(At present time, addictions researchers across Canada work in a large number
of varied institutions and identifying those researchers for potential
collaborative work can be difficult). Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
project
Thematic
area: addiction,
research
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: N/A
Summary:
The
Correctional Service’s Research Branch, Addictions Research Division will
build a research facility in Montague, P.E.I. The new Addictions
Research Division (ARD) facility will provide office accommodation for up to
24 people working for the ARD. It will incorporate the latest computer
and telecommunication technology in order to allow researchers rapid access to
data and consultation within Canada and around the world.
Internationally renowned researchers will be invited to visit and work at this
new ARD facility and contribute their knowledge understanding challenges
facing ARD and/or the Correctional Service. Note: this
information was provided as part of the Division’s “Research Plan” for
2000-2001.
Type of
study: in-house
project
Thematic
area: addiction,
prison populations, research
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: An
Investigation into the Characteristics of Substance-Abusing Women Offenders:
Risk, Need and Post-Release Outcome;prepared
by Craig Dowden and Kelley Blanchette; published by Corporate Development,
Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, April 1999,
50 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
study compared women offenders who were substance abusers to those who were
not. Groups were compared on a number of different criteria: risk
and need variables, demographic characteristics, and recidivism data.
The final sample comprised 251 women offenders, almost 60% of whom had
successfully completed a substance abuse treatment program at some point
during their incarceration. Results of this study reveal clear and
reliable differences between substance abusers and non-abusers in a variety of
areas assessed at intake; they also reveal that, of women with substance abuse
problems, those who completed relevant programming fare better after release
than their untreated counterpart. Its conclusion is essentially that
appropriate assessment, classification, and intervention with women substance
abusers can significantly increase their potential for successful community
reintegration.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations, women, criminology, health, social
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Case
Needs Review: Substance Abuse Domain;prepared
by Fred J. Boland, Katherine Henderson and Jan Baker, with Queen’s
University; published by Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional
Service of Canada, Ottawa, December 1998, 97 p. (includes bibliographic
references)
Summary:
This is a
review of substance abuse assessment measuring instruments that are used or
that could be used for offender populations by the Correctional Service of
Canada – and why.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations, evaluation
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome: Implications for Correctional Service;prepared
by Fred J. Boland,
Rebecca Burrill, Michelle Duwyn and Jennifer Karp; published by Corporate
Development, Research Branch, Correctional
Service of Canada, Ottawa, July 1998, 92 p. (includes bibliographic
references)
Summary:
This
report reviews the literature on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) from the
perspective of the implications this condition might have for the criminal
justice system and for Correctional Service of Canada. It is presented in
three parts. Part I provides a basic background about the
disorder. Part II traces the course and consequences of this
condition, including the connection to delinquency and crime.
Part III, finally, considers the possibility of identifying FAS and related
effects in individuals who come in contact with the criminal justice system, and
how institutional and post-release programs might best fit their needs.
This report also includes recommendations.
Type of
study: literature
review
Thematic
area: prison
populations, health, criminology
Drug
references: alcohol
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: The
Offender Substance Abuse Pre-Release Program: Analysis of Intermediate
and Post-Release Outcomes;prepared
by William A. Millson and John R. Weekes, with Correctional Service
of Canada, and Lynn O. Lightfoot, with Queen’s University; published by
Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada,
Ottawa, August 1995, 41 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the Offender Substance
Abuse Pre-Release (OSAP) program in improving offenders’ post-release
success and in changing their problematic substance abuse behaviour.
This study, using a sample of 317 offenders, concludes in support of the
effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural programs in the treatment of offenders
with substance abuse problems and that examination of the intermediate and
post-release outcomes suggest that the OSAP program is an effective
intervention for developing the skills and cognitive abilities that are of
critical importance in assisting offenders: 1) to reduce the
likelihood of becoming re-involved in alcohol and drugs; and 2) to reduce
the likelihood of being re-admitted back into custody for either a technical
violation or for new criminal offences. This study also suggests that
OSAP program performance is indeed predicative of offenders’ re-admission.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations, evaluation, psychology
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: Native Offender Substance Abuse Assessment: The Computerized Lifestyle Assessment Instrument;prepared by Susan A. Vanderburg, John R. Weekes and William A. Millson; published by Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, July 1994, 36 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary: The Computerized Lifestyle Assessment Instrument (CLAI) is a standardized assessment tool that has been adapted and implemented by the Correctional Service of Canada to identify offenders with substance abuse problems, to assess the nature and severity of their problems, and to assist in the development of suitable treatment programming. This report focuses on the appropriateness of the use of the CLAI with Aboriginal offenders by examining potential differences in CLAI results for both Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. It concludes that substance abuse assessment information generated by the CLAI accurately represents the nature of substance abuse problems for both Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals.
Type of study: N/A
Thematic area: Aboriginals, prison populations, psychology
Drug references: alcohol, illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: The
Native Offender Substance Abuse Pre-Treatment Program: Intermediate
Measures of Program Effectiveness;prepared
by John R. Weekes and William A. Millson; published by Corporate
Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, February
1994, 27 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This report
highlights the preliminary results of a substance abuse pre-treatment program
designed specifically to meet the needs and concerns of Aboriginal
offenders. The program, known as the Native Inmate Substance Abuse
Pre-Treatment Project, was developed by the National Native Association of
Treatment Directors and sponsored by the federal government along with various
other groups. This report focuses on three main areas:
1) determination of level of substance abuse severity; 2) measuring
pre- to post-program improvement on specific program target areas; and
3) exploring facilitator ratings completed on each participant following
the completion of the program.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: Aboriginals,
prison populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: An
Assessment of the Offender Substance Abuse Pre-Release Program at Drumheller
Institution;prepared
by Bart Millson and David Robinson; published by Corporate Development,
Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, November 1992,
25 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
The “Offender
Substance Abuse Pre-Release Program” is a treatment program designed to
address a variety of drug and alcohol problems experienced by offenders.
It involves 26 half-day sessions totalling approximately 85 hours of program
instruction where the offenders are educated about the consequences of
excessive substance abuse and how it impacts on important aspects of their
lives. Specifically, the program consists of nine different
sections: 1) introduction; 2) alcohol and drug education;
3) self-management skills training; 4) problem-solving, cognitive
and behavioural skills training; 5) social skills training; 6) job
skills refresher training; 7) leisure and lifestyle planning;
8) pre-release planning; and 9) graduation. It also includes
individual counselling sessions for the participants.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations, psychology, social
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: Homicide, Sex, Robbery and Drug Offenders in Federal Corrections: An End-of-1998 Review;published by Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, 1999, 22 p.
Summary: This report summarizes data on homicide, sex, robbery and drug offenders in federal corrections. Statistics in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and the nature of the offence are also provided; as are distributions with respect to security level and release status, as well as region.
Type of study: statistical study
Thematic area: prison populations, social, criminology
Drug references: illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Homicide,
Sex, Robbery and Drug Offenders in Federal Corrections: An End-of-1997
Review;prepared
by Laurence L. Motiuk and Raymond L. Belcourt; published by Corporate
Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, January
1998, 22 p.
Summary:
This
report summarizes data on homicide, sex, robbery and drug offenders in federal
corrections. Statistics in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and the
nature of the offence are also provided; as are distributions with respect to
security level and release status, as well as region.
Type of
study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Homicide,
Sex, Robbery and Drug Offenders in Federal Corrections: An End-of-1996
Review;prepared
by Laurence L. Motiuk and Raymond L. Belcourt; published by Corporate
Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, January
1997, 22 p.
Summary:
This
report summarizes data on homicide, sex, robbery and drug offenders in federal
corrections. Statistics in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and the
nature of the offence are also provided; as are distributions with respect to
security level and release status, as well as region.
Type of
study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Homicide,
Sex, Robbery and Drug Offenders in Federal Corrections: An End-of-1995
Review;prepared
by Laurence L. Motiuk and Raymond L. Belcourt; published by Corporate
Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada, Ottawa, April
1996, 22 p.
Summary:
This
report summarizes data on homicide, sex, robbery and drug offenders in federal
corrections. Statistics in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and the
nature of the offence are also provided; as are distributions with respect to
security level and release status, as well as region.
Type of
study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Statistical
Profiles of Homicide, Sex, Robbery and Drug Offenders in Federal Corrections;prepared
by Laurence L. Motiuk and Raymond L. Belcourt; published by
Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada,
Ottawa, April 1995, 21 p.
Summary:
This
report summarizes data on homicide, sex, robbery and drug offenders in federal
corrections. Statistics in relation to gender, age, ethnicity, and the
nature of the offence are also provided; as are distributions with respect to
security level and release status, as well as region.
Type of
study: statistical
study
Thematic
area: prison
populations, social, criminology
Drug
references: illicit
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: A
Comparison of the French and English Versions of the Computerized Lifestyle
Assessment Instrument;prepared
by John R. Weekes, Susan A. Vanderburg and William A. Millson;
published by Corporate Development, Research Branch, Correctional Service of
Canada, Ottawa, April 1995, 14 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
The
Computerized Lifestyle Assessment Instrument (CLAI) is a standardized
assessment tool that has been adapted and implemented by the Correctional
Service of Canada to identify offenders with substance abuse problems, to
assess the nature and severity of their problems, and to assist in the
development of suitable treatment programming. The CLAI, it should be
noted, was initially developed in English – and subsequently translated into
French for use with French-speaking offenders. An important research and
operational question is the reliability, validity, and the general
appropriateness of the translated version of the CLAI for administration to
French-speaking offenders. This study therefore examines some of these
issues by comparing the psychometric structure of the French- and
English-language versions of the CLAI, by assessing francophone and anglophone
offenders’ feedback on their impressions of the instrument, and by examining
the nature and the characteristics of substance abuse problems for francophone
and anglophone offenders. In the end, this study concludes in support of
the use of both the French and the English versions of the CLAI as a means of
accurately identifying substance abuse among offenders (i.e., regardless of
their cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds).
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: francophones,
prison populations, psychology, evaluation
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of organization: Canada. Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic data: “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Understanding its Impact”; article prepared by Fred Boland and Michelle Duwyn, of Queen’s University, and Ralph Serin, of the Correctional Service of Canada; published in Forum on Corrections Research([2]), vol. 12, no. 1, January 2000, p. 16-18 (includes bibliographic references)
Summary: This article examines Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) from the perspective of the implications this condition might have for the criminal justice system and for the Correctional Service.
Type of study: literature review
Thematic area: prison populations, health, social
Drug references: alcohol
Additional information: N/A
Name of
organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “Solutions:
An Intensive Substance Abuse Program”; article prepared by Alta Peachey, of
the Edmonton Institution for Women, Correctional Service of Canada; published in Forum on Corrections Research,vol. 11,
no. 3, September 1999, p. 34-36
Summary:
This
article discusses the Substance Abuse Program for Federally Sentenced Women, a
program that was developed in 1995 (and first put in place in Edmonton in 1996)
to meet the needs of women with moderate substance abuse problems.
Type of
study: in-house
project
Thematic
area: prison
populations, women
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of
organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “Case
Need Domain: Substance Abuse”; article prepared by Craig Dowden and
Shelley L. Brown, of the Correctional Service of Canada; published in Forum
on Corrections Research,vol. 10, no. 3, September 1998,
p. 28-30 (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
article presents the findings of a meta-analytic review of substance abuse
factors and criminal recidivism (some 45 studies in all were reviewed).
The authors of this article found that the predictor category of combined
alcohol and/or drug problem yields the highest mean effect size, followed by the
predictor categories of drug abuse problem, parental substance abuse and alcohol
abuse problem. The authors propose recommendations for streamlining the
substance abuse domain of the Case Needs Identification and Analysis (CNIA)
component of the Offender Intake Assessment (OIA) process.
Type of
study: literature
review and survey
Thematic
area: prison
populations
Drug references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of
organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “Case
Need Domain: Substance Abuse Assessment Review”; article prepared by
Fred Boland, Kathy Henderson and Jan Baker, of Queen’s University; published
in Forum on Corrections Research,vol. 10, no 3, September 1998,
p. 32-34 (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
article highlights key findings from an extensive review that examined the
prevalence of substance abuse among offender populations as well as the various
measures that have evolved for substance abuse assessment in offender and
non-offender populations. It also proposes recommendations for enhancing
the substance abuse domain of the Case Needs Identification and Analysis (CNIA)
instrument currently being used by the Correctional Service of Canada.
Type of
study: literature
review and survey
Thematic area: prison
populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name of
organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “Factors
Influencing the Outcome of Offender Substance Abuse Treatment”; article
prepared by John R. Weekes, of the Correctional Service of Canada,
William A. Millson, of Balex Research and Statistical Counsulting, and
Lynn O. Lightfoot, of Queen’s University; published in Forum on
Corrections Research,vol. 7, no. 3, September 1995, p. 8-11
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
article examines the impact of three potentially key factors (severity of the
substance abuse problem, risk of recidivism, and treatment performance) on the
substance abuse treatment outcome of inmates who are subsequently released.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “Early
Substance Use and its Impact on Adult Offender Alcohol and Drug Problems”;
article prepared by Susan A. Vanderburg, John R. Weekes and
William A. Millson, of the Correctional Service of Canada; published in Forum on
Corrections Research,vol. 7, no. 1, January 1995, p. 14-16
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
article investigates the origins of adult offender substance abuse problems by
examining a number of characteristics of their early alcohol and drug
use.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: “The
Effects of Neurophsychological Impairment on Offender Performance in Substance
Abuse Treatment”; article prepared by William A. Millson and
John R. Weekes, of the Correctional Service of Canada; published in Forum on
Corrections Research, vol. 6, no. 2, May 1994, p. 14-17
(includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
study examines the effect of neuropsychological impairment (defined broadly as
psychological or physiological problems caused by injury or damage to the
brain) on offenders who completed the Offender Substance Abuse Pre-Release
Program (OSAPP). OSAPP provides cognitive-behavioural substance abuse
treatment designed specifically for offenders identified as having moderately
severe drug or alcohol problems.
Type of
study: N/A
Thematic
area: prison
populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs
Additional
information: N/A
Name
of organization: Canada.
Correctional Service of Canada
Bibliographic
data: Literature
Review – Substance Abuse Treatment Modalities;published
by Correctional Research and Development, Correctional Service of Canada,
Ottawa, March 1996, various paginations. (includes bibliographic
references)
Summary:
As
part of its Classification Study, the Correctional Service of Canada conducted
an extensive review of the literature on approaches and techniques in
substance abuse treatment. This particular review includes descriptions
for 25 modalities or so, along with a summary of the research evidence on the
effectiveness of each. It finds the following techniques
effective: assertion training, controlled drinking strategies,
employment training, methadone, provision of aftercare, problem solving,
recognizing high risk situations, relapse techniques, and social skills
training.
Type of
study: literature
review
Thematic
area: prison
populations
Drug
references: alcohol,
illicit drugs(methadone as well)
Additional
information: N/A
FEDERAL INVENTORY
SECTION III: FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL/TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
Name
of Organization: Federal/Provincial/Territorial
Advisory Committee on Population Health (ACPH)
Bibliographic
data: Reducing
the Harm Associated with Injection Drug Use in Canada: Working Document
for Consultation; prepared
by the F/P/T Advisory Committee on Population Health, along with the F/P/T
Committee on Alcohol and Other Drug Issues, the F/P/T Advisory Committee on
AIDS, the F/P/T Heads of Corrections Working Group on HIV/AIDS, and the
“Multi-Disciplinary Committee of Senior Justice and Health Officials
Developing a Comprehensive Canada-Wide Response to Illicit Drug Use and
Emerging Substance Abuse Issues”; published by Health Canada, Ottawa, March
2001, 63 p. (includes bibliographic references)
Summary:
This
“working document” constitutes the federal/provincial/territorial response
to recent reports and consultations recommending action be taken in order to
reduce the harm associated with injection drug use (IDU) in Canada. It
represents the joint effort of the F/P/T Advisory Committee on Population
Health (ACPH) and four federal/provincial/territorial committees representing
1) alcohol and drugs, 2) AIDS, 3) corrections, and 4) justice.
The document first examines societal and economic costs that are associated
with injection drug use in this country. It then proposes a number of
“priority actions” to be undertaken – i.e., priority actions with regard
to 1) prevention; 2) outreach; 3) treatment and rehabilitation;
4) research, surveillance, and knowledge dissemination; and 5) national
leadership and coordination. The document also looks at a number of
“alternatives” that have been tried either in Canada or in other countries
– i.e., alternative therapies and/or methods such as methadone, LAAM, the
prescription of heroin, needle exchange programs, supervised injection sites,([3])
etc.
Type
of Study: N/A
Thematic
area: health,
social, economic
Drug
References: cocaine,
heroin, steroids, etc. (methadone and LAAM as well)
Additional
Information: Document
obtained under the Access to Information Act.
([1]) The acronym CRASST is used in French.
([2]) Forum on Corrections Research is published three times a year by the Correctional Service of Canada.
([3]) i.e., supervised « shooting galleries ».