The Members convened were:

The Honourable Senators

AndersonArnotAtaullahjanAucoinBattersBellemareBernardBoehmBoyerBrazeauBureyBussonCardozoCarignanClementCordyCormierCotterCoyleDagenaisDalphondDaskoDeacon (Nova Scotia)DeanDowneDuncanForestFrancisGagnéGerbaGignacGoldGreenwoodHarderHousakosJafferKingstonKlyneKutcherLaBoucane-BensonLankinLoffredaMacAdamMacDonaldManningMarshallMartinMassicotteMcBeanMcCallumMcNairMcPhedranMégieMiville-DechêneMoncionMoodieOmidvarOslerOudarPatePattersonPetitclercPettenPlettProsperQuinnRavaliaRichardsRinguetteRobinsonRossSaint-GermainSeidmanSimonsSmithSorensenTannasVaroneVernerWallinWellsWooYussuff

The Members in attendance to business were:

The Honourable Senators

AndersonArnotAtaullahjanAucoinBattersBellemareBernardBoehmBoyerBrazeauBureyBussonCardozoCarignanClementCordyCormierCotterCoyleDagenaisDalphondDaskoDeacon (Nova Scotia)DeanDowneDuncanForestFrancisGagnéGerbaGignacGoldGreenwoodHarderHousakosJafferKingstonKlyneKutcherLaBoucane-BensonLankinLoffredaMacAdamMacDonaldManningMarshallMartinMassicotteMcBeanMcCallumMcNairMcPhedranMégieMiville-DechêneMoncionMoodieOmidvarOslerOudarPatePattersonPetitclercPettenPlettProsperQuinnRavaliaRichardsRinguetteRobinsonRossSaint-GermainSeidmanSimonsSmithSorensenTannasVaroneVernerWallinWellsWooYussuff

The first list records senators present in the Senate Chamber during the course of the sitting.

An asterisk in the second list indicates a senator who, while not present during the sitting, was in attendance to business, as defined in subsections 8(2) and (3) of the Senators Attendance Policy.

PRAYERS

Senators’ Statements

Some Honourable Senators made statements.

ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS

Tabling of Documents

The Honourable Senator LaBoucane-Benson tabled the following:

Government response to the twelfth report of the Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade, entitled More than a Vocation: Canada’s Need for a 21st Century Foreign Service, deposited with the Clerk of the Senate on December 6, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3109S.

(Pursuant to rule 12-23(4), the report and the response were deemed referred to the Standing Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade.)

Presenting or Tabling Reports from Committees

The Honourable Senator Jaffer presented the following:

Thursday, June 13, 2024

The Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs has the honour to present its

TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT

Your committee, to which was referred Bill S-17, An Act to correct certain anomalies, inconsistencies, out-dated terminology and errors and to deal with other matters of a non-controversial and uncomplicated nature in the Statutes and Regulations of Canada and to repeal certain provisions that have expired, lapsed or otherwise ceased to have effect, has, in obedience to the order of reference of May 30, 2024, examined the said bill and now reports the same with the following amendments:

1.Delete clause 137, page 50.

2.Delete clause 158, page 57.

Respectfully submitted,

The Honourable Senator Jaffer moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Lankin, P.C., that the report be placed on the Orders of the Day for consideration at the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

The Honourable Senator Carignan, P.C., presented the following:

Thursday, June 13, 2024

The Standing Senate Committee on National Finance has the honour to present its

SEVENTEENTH REPORT

Your committee, to which was referred Bill C-59, An Act to implement certain provisions of the fall economic statement tabled in Parliament on November 21, 2023 and certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on March 28, 2023, has, in obedience to the order of reference of Tuesday, June 4, 2024, examined the said bill and now reports the same without amendment but with certain observations, which are appended to this report.

Respectfully submitted,

Observations to the seventeenth report of the Standing Senate Committee on National Finance (Bill C-59)

The Committee notes that a meaningful proportion of industry players active in Canada have made real efforts to support the move to a net-zero economy and to differentiate their products and firms on this basis. These legitimate efforts should not be deterred or impeded, for fears of the unintended consequences of the pursuit of greenwashing actions.

Your committee believes that meaningful consultation by the Competition Bureau, to set out clear guidelines in this area, is important, and for any private right of action to be informed by such guidelines as to what may be considered deceptive in the area of environmental pursuits.

Furthermore, while clause 236 (1) of Bill C-59 notes the importance of internationally recognized methodology to substantiate such claims, the Committee believes that the analysis should also include federal and other Canadian best practices, such as those set out by Environment and Climate Change Canada.

Since the government has identified housing and food affordability as priorities in Bill C-59, it must ensure its policy decisions are supported by adequate implementation of the bill’s proposed tax fairness measures and that they effectively address income security and inclusion for Canadians experiencing financial instability and most in need.

The Honourable Senator Moncion moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Duncan, that the bill be placed on the Orders of the Day for third reading at the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

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The Honourable Senator Carignan, P.C., Chair of the Standing Senate Committee on National Finance, tabled the eighteenth report of the committee (Examine the subject matter of all of Bill C-69, An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on April 16, 2024).—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3110S.

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The Honourable Senator Omidvar presented the following:

Thursday, June 13, 2024

The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology has the honour to present its

TWENTY-THIRD REPORT

Your committee, to which was referred Bill C-50, An Act respecting accountability, transparency and engagement to support the creation of sustainable jobs for workers and economic growth in a net-zero economy, has, in obedience to the order of reference of May 23, 2024, examined the said bill and now reports the same without amendment but with certain observations, which are appended to this report.

Respectfully submitted,

Observations to the twenty-third report of the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (Bill C-50)

Your committee heard from the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources that the federal government operates within, and is guided by, the principles of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The Minister emphasized that Indigenous reconciliation encompasses services, governance, and economic reconciliation.

However, your committee also heard testimony raising concerns that the current language of the bill does not adequately represent the nation-to-nation engagement with Indigenous peoples. Witnesses noted that Indigenous peoples must be distinctly recognized, particularly regarding net-zero projects on their traditional territories.

As it stands, the bill’s wording suggests an optional approach to Indigenous knowledge, which contradicts the principles of UNDRIP. UNDRIP emphasizes that Indigenous peoples have the authority to determine which projects are developed on their lands, their locations, and their ownership.

Therefore, your committee strongly urges that the Government of Canada respect Indigenous peoples as rights holders and adhere to UNDRIP and free, prior, and informed consent. Indigenous peoples are not just collaborators; they are leaders with the right to make decisions about their lands and waters.

Your committee heard that a sustainable jobs approach should be inclusive and address barriers to employment, emphasizing the creation of employment opportunities for groups historically underrepresented in the labour market, including women, persons with disabilities, Indigenous peoples, Black and other racialized individuals, members of the 2SLGBTQI+ community and other equity-deserving groups (referred to in the bill as “equity-seeking groups”). However, your committee heard that the proposed Sustainable Jobs Partnership Council does not have a requirement for membership from equity-deserving groups, except for Indigenous peoples. Your committee strongly urges the Minister to ensure that the perspectives of equity-deserving groups are well represented among the proposed Council’s membership.

Your committee also urges the federal government to ensure that the barriers faced by equity-deserving groups are adequately addressed in the Sustainable Jobs Action Plans.

Considering that this legislative measure fails to explicitly mention official language minority communities (OLMCs), your committee urges the federal government to systematically apply an “official languages” lens in all its public policy development processes, in accordance with the spirit and the letter of the Official Languages Act (the Act). The Act codifies the federal government’s commitment to fostering the development of Canada’s francophone and anglophone minorities and supporting their development, as well as promoting the full recognition and use of French and English in Canadian society.

Your committee urges the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources to respect their commitments to OLMCs, in full compliance with their duly signed letter submitted to the committee.

In view of the obligations under the Act, your committee expects that concrete efforts be made to ensure that OLMCs are engaged through the processes established by the Sustainable Jobs Secretariat and the Sustainable Jobs Partnership Council. Furthermore, written documents and opportunities for participation must be available in both official languages.

Your committee has taken careful note of the commitment made by the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, in his letter on June 11, 2024, in response to concerns from committee members, to ensure that conditions are created so that persons with disabilities and other members of equity-deserving and underrepresented groups can truly benefit from all the opportunities offered by the ongoing transition to a net-zero economy; and that the needs of these groups are taken into account in all measures taken to accelerate the growth of sustainable jobs, including future Sustainable Jobs Action Plans.

The Honourable Senator Yussuff moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Lankin, P.C., that the bill be placed on the Orders of the Day for third reading at the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

The Honourable Senator Omidvar presented the following:

Thursday, June 13, 2024

The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology has the honour to present its

TWENTY-FOURTH REPORT

Your committee, to which was referred Bill C-58, An Act to amend the Canada Labour Code and the Canada Industrial Relations Board Regulations, 2012, has, in obedience to the order of reference of Thursday, June 6, 2024, examined the said bill and now reports the same without amendment but with certain observations, which are appended to this report.

Respectfully submitted,

Observations to the twentieth report of the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology (Bill C-58)

Your committee received testimony regarding proposed expanded responsibilities for the Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB), such as the requirement for the prompt resolution of complaints related to the prohibited use of replacement workers. Your committee heard that, as a result, the CIRB will need additional resources (in the form of staff, vice-chairs and funding) to be able to effectively address the increased workload created by the bill, especially as some of its provisions stipulate specified time limits within which matters must be decided. Witnesses expressed concerns that without adequate funding and timely access to additional human resources, the CIRB may face backlogs, potentially leading to prolonged service disruptions in critical sectors.

Your committee, therefore, recommends that the Government of Canada ensure adequate and consistent funding for the CIRB so that it can meet its expanded responsibilities effectively and ensure the timely resolution of labour disputes. Your committee also recommends that the Government of Canada evaluate and adjust funding amounts on a regular basis to take into account the CIRB’s workload.

The Honourable Senator Lankin, P.C., moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Massicotte, that the bill be placed on the Orders of the Day for third reading at the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

First Reading of Commons Public Bills

A message was brought from the House of Commons with Bill C-332, An Act to amend the Criminal Code (coercive control of intimate partner), to which it desires the concurrence of the Senate.

The bill was read the first time.

The Honourable Senator LaBoucane-Benson moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Gold, P.C., that the bill be placed on the Orders of the Day for a second reading at the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

Tabling of Reports from Interparliamentary Delegations

The Honourable Senator Patterson tabled the following:

Report of the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association, 68th Annual Session, Madrid, Spain, from November 18 to 21, 2022.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3111.

Report of the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association, Bureau Meeting and Joint Meetings of the Defence and Security Committee, the Economics and Security Committee and the Political Committee, Brussels, Belgium, from February 19 to 22, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3112.

Report of the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association, Bureau Meeting and Spring Session, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, from May 19 to 22, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3113.

Report of the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association, 69th Annual Session, Copenhagen, Denmark, from October 6 to 9, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3114.

Report of the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association, Visit of the Sub-Committee on Future Security and Defence Capabilities (DSCFC), Boston, Massachusetts, New Haven, Connecticut and New York, New York, United States of America, from March 11 to 15, 2024.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3115.

o o o

The Honourable Senator Kutcher tabled the following:

Report of the Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group, Co-Chairs’ Annual Visit, Hakodate, Sapporo and Tokyo, Japan, from November 13 to 17, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3116.

Report of the Canada-China Legislative Association and the Canada-Japan Inter-Parliamentary Group, 31st Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum (APPF), Manila, Philippines, from November 23 to 26, 2023.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3117.

Notices of Motions

With leave of the Senate,

The Honourable Senator Jaffer moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Massicotte:

That the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs be authorized to meet on Tuesday, June 18, 2024, for the purpose of continuing clause-by-clause consideration of Bill S-15, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act, even though the Senate may then be sitting and that rule 12-18(1) be suspended in relation thereto.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

Question Period

The Senate proceeded to Question Period.

Orders of the Day

Government Business

Bills – Second Reading

Orders No. 1 and 2 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Reports of Committees – Other

Orders No. 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Consideration of the third report of the Standing Committee on Ethics and Conflict of Interest for Senators, entitled Examine and propose to the Senate, amendments to the Ethics and Conflict of Interest Code for Senators in relation to the membership of the Standing Committee on Ethics and Conflict of Interest for Senators, presented in the Senate on June 11, 2024.

The Honourable Senator Seidman moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Martin, that the report be adopted.

After debate,

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

Orders No. 26 and 27 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Consideration of the third report of the Standing Joint Committee on the Library of Parliament, entitled Appointment of Christine Ivory as Parliamentary Librarian, tabled in the Senate on June 12, 2024.

The Honourable Senator Ravalia moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Arnot, that the report be adopted.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

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Ordered : That Order No. 2, under Bills – Second Reading, be again called.

Resuming debate on the motion of the Honourable Senator Pate, seconded by the Honourable Senator McBean, for the second reading of Bill C-64, An Act respecting pharmacare.

After debate,

The Honourable Senator Martin moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Batters, that further debate on the motion be adjourned until the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

Motions

Orders No. 1, 132, 167, 172 and 183 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Inquiries

Orders No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Other Business

Senate Public Bills – Third Reading

Order No. 1 was called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Third reading of Bill S-235, An Act to amend the Citizenship Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, as amended.

The Honourable Senator Jaffer moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Pate, that the bill, as amended, be read for a third time.

Debate.

MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

A message was brought from the House of Commons with Bill C-70, An Act respecting countering foreign interference, to which it desires the concurrence of the Senate.

The bill was read the first time.

The Honourable Senator Gold, P.C., moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator LaBoucane-Benson, that the bill be placed on the Orders of the Day for a second reading two days hence.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

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Ordered : That Order No. 183, under ORDERS OF THE DAY, GOVERNMENT BUSINESS, Motions, be again called.

The Honourable Senator LaBoucane-Benson moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Gold, P.C.:

That, when the Senate next adjourns after the adoption of this motion, it do stand adjourned until Monday, June 17, 2024, at 6 p.m.;

That rule 3-3(1) be suspended on that day; and

That, notwithstanding rule 9-10(2), if a vote has been or is deferred to that day, it take place at the end of Question Period.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

Other Business

Senate Public Bills – Third Reading

The Senate resumed debate on the motion of the Honourable Senator Jaffer, seconded by the Honourable Senator Pate, for the third reading of Bill S-235, An Act to amend the Citizenship Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, as amended.

After debate,

The Honourable Senator Martin moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Seidman, that further debate on the motion be adjourned until the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

Order No. 3 was called and postponed until the next sitting.

Commons Public Bills – Third Reading

Resuming debate on the motion of the Honourable Senator McCallum, seconded by the Honourable Senator Al Zaibak, for the third reading of Bill C-226, An Act respecting the development of a national strategy to assess, prevent and address environmental racism and to advance environmental justice.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted on the following vote:

YEAS

The Honourable Senators

AndersonArnotAucoinBernardBoyerBureyBussonCardozoClementCordyCormierCotterCoyleDagenaisDeacon (Nova Scotia)DeanDowneDuncanForestFrancisGerbaGoldGreenwoodJafferKingstonKlyneLaBoucane-BensonLoffredaMacAdamMcBeanMcCallumMcNairMcPhedranMégieMiville-DechêneMoncionMoodieOmidvarOslerOudarPatePattersonPetitclercProsperQuinnRobinsonRossSimonsSmithSorensenVerner—51

NAYS

The Honourable Senators

AtaullahjanBattersBoehmCarignanHousakosMacDonaldMarshallMartinPlettRichardsSeidman—11

ABSTENTIONS

The Honourable Senators

HarderRinguetteSaint-GermainWoo—4

Accordingly, Bill C-226 was read a third time and passed.

Ordered, That a message be sent to the House of Commons to acquaint that House that the Senate has passed this bill without amendment.

o o o

Order No. 2 was called and postponed until the next sitting.

Senate Public Bills – Reports of Committees

Order No. 1 was called and postponed until the next sitting.

Senate Public Bills – Second Reading

Orders No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Resuming debate on the motion of the Honourable Senator Omidvar, seconded by the Honourable Senator Petitclerc, for the second reading of Bill S-278, An Act to amend the Special Economic Measures Act (disposal of foreign state assets).

Ordered: That further debate on the motion be adjourned until the next sitting, in the name of the Honourable Senator Martin.

o o o

Orders No. 24, 25, 26 and 27 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Commons Public Bills – Second Reading

Orders No. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Reports of Committees – Other

Orders No. 31, 33, 40, 62, 63 and 68 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Consideration of the thirteenth report of the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, entitled Critical Ground: Why Soil is Essential to Canada’s Economic, Environmental, Human, and Social Health, deposited with the Clerk of the Senate on June 6, 2024.

The Honourable Senator Simons moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Woo:

That the thirteenth report of the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, entitled Critical Ground: Why Soil is Essential to Canada’s Economic, Environmental, Human, and Social Health, deposited with the Clerk of the Senate on June 6, 2024, be adopted and that, pursuant to rule 12-23(1), the Senate request a complete and detailed response from the government, with the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food being identified as minister responsible for responding to the report, in consultation with the Minister of Environment and Climate Change and the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources.

After debate,

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

Consideration of the thirteenth report of the Standing Committee on Internal Economy, Budgets and Administration (Budget—pursuant to rule 12-7(1), consideration of financial and administrative matters—power to hire staff), presented in the Senate on June 6, 2024.

The Honourable Senator Tannas moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Patterson, that the report be adopted.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

Consideration of the eighteenth report of the Standing Senate Committee on Indigenous Peoples (Budget—examine the constitutional, treaty, political and legal responsibilities to First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples—power to hire staff), presented in the Senate on June 6, 2024.

The Honourable Senator Francis moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Harder, P.C., that the report be adopted.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

Motions

Orders No. 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 19, 30, 77, 82, 96, 107, 147, 172, 181 and 202 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

Inquiries

Orders No. 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13 and 14 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Resuming debate on the inquiry of the Honourable Senator Black, calling the attention of the Senate to the ongoing concerns with respect to Canadian agricultural, wetland, and forest land reallotments, as well as potential food, economic, and social insecurities as a result of reduced capacity for farming, pasture, forestry, and food production both domestically and internationally.

After debate,

The Honourable Senator Clement moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Petitclerc, that further debate on the inquiry be adjourned until the next sitting.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

o o o

Orders No. 17 and 18 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

o o o

Order No. 19 was called and, pursuant to rule 4-14(2), dropped from the Order Paper and Notice Paper.

o o o

Orders No. 20, 21 and 22 were called and postponed until the next sitting.

ADJOURNMENT

The Honourable Senator LaBoucane-Benson moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Jaffer:

That the Senate do now adjourn.

The question being put on the motion, it was adopted.

(Accordingly, at 4:56 p.m., the Senate was continued until Monday, June 17, 2024, at 6 p.m.)

DOCUMENTS DEPOSITED WITH THE CLERK OF THE SENATE PURSUANT TO RULE 14-1(7)

Report of the Public Sector Pension Investment Board, together with the Auditors’ Report, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, pursuant to the Public Sector Pension Investment Board Act, S.C. 1999, c. 34, sbs. 48(3).—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3105.

Report of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, together with the Auditors’ Report, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, pursuant to the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board Act, S.C. 1997, c. 40, sbs. 51(2).—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3106.

2023-24 Annual Report of the Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada , pursuant to the Lobbying Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 44 (4th Supp.), s. 11.—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3107.

Report of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner on the performance of his duties and functions under the Conflict of Interest Act in relation to public office holders, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, pursuant to the Parliament of Canada Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. P-1, sbs. 90(1)(b).—Sessional Paper No. 1/44-3108.

Changes in Membership of Committees Pursuant to Rule 12-5

Standing Senate Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources

The Honourable Senator Galvez replaced the Honourable Senator McBean (June 13, 2024).

The Honourable Senator Anderson replaced the Honourable Senator Cordy (June 13, 2024).

Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs

The Honourable Senator Klyne replaced the Honourable Senator Audette (June 12, 2024).

Standing Senate Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs

The Honourable Senator Deacon (Ontario) replaced the Honourable Senator Woo (June 13, 2024).

The Honourable Senator Woo replaced the Honourable Senator Deacon (Ontario) (June 13, 2024).

The Honourable Senator Dasko replaced the Honourable Senator Woo (June 13, 2024).

Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology

The Honourable Senator Lankin, P.C., replaced the Honourable Senator Yussuff (June 12, 2024).

The Honourable Senator Yussuff replaced the Honourable Senator Lankin, P.C. (June 12, 2024).