APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
APPENDIX 3
APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 5
APPENDIX 6
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND COUNTRY GROUPINGS
ABAC |
APEC Business Advisory Council |
APEC |
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (21 members include Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, the Peoples Republic of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Peru, Russia, Singapore, Chinese Taipei (Taiwan), Thailand ,the United States, and Vietnam) |
ARF |
ASEAN Regional Forum |
ASEAN |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) |
Asia Pacific |
Includes: the countries of East Asia, Oceania, Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Chile |
Asian tigers |
East Asian economies experiencing high rates of economic growth over an extended period of time |
BIS |
Bank for International Settlements |
CDIA |
Canadian Direct Investment Abroad |
CIDA |
Canadian International Development Agency |
CSCAP |
Committee on Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific |
CTPL |
Centre for Trade Policy and Law |
DFAIT |
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade |
East Asia |
Includes: Japan, China, the newly-industrialized economies (NIEs) (Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore), the other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) and the other developing economies in the region (Cambodia, Laos, Papua New Guinea, and Burma) |
EDC |
Export Development Corporation |
EU |
European Union |
FDI |
Foreign Direct Investment |
FDIC |
Foreign Direct Investment in Canada |
GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
G-7 |
Includes the United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, and Canada |
IBDP |
International Business Development Program of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade |
IIF |
Institute of International Finance |
IIP |
Immigrant Investor Program |
ILO |
International Labour Organization |
IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
KNU |
Karen National Union (Myanmar) |
MAPA |
Manila Action Plan for APEC |
NAFTA |
North American Free Trade Agreement |
NGOs |
Non-governmental organizations |
NIEs |
Newly-industrialized economies (Hong Kong, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan) |
NPA |
New Peoples Army (Philippines) |
NTBs |
Non-tariff barriers |
OECD |
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
Oceania |
Australia, New Zealand, Cocos Islands, Nuaru, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tokelau, Niue, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Pitcairn Island, Tonga, Western Samoa, Wallis Futuna Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Guam, American Samoa, and United States Outlying Islands |
OSFI |
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions |
Pacific Rim |
Includes East Asia and Oceania |
PDK |
Party of Democratic Kampuchea Khmer Rouge |
PECC |
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council |
PIDS |
Philippine Institute for Development Studies |
PRC |
Peoples Republic of China |
SEAFILD |
Southeast Asia Fund for Institutional and Legal Development |
SIPRI |
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |
SMEs |
Small and medium-sized enterprises |
SOEs |
State-owned enterprises |
TC |
Trade Commissioners |
UN |
United Nations |
UNDP |
United Nations Development Program |
WTO |
World Trade Organization |
BASLE CORE PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE BANKING SUPERVISION
Preconditions for Effective Banking Supervision
Licensing and Structure
- The permissible activities of institutions that are licensed and subject to supervision
as banks must be clearly defined, and the use of the word "bank" in names should
be controlled as far as possible.
- The licensing authority must have the right to set criteria and reject applications for
establishments that do not meet the standards set. The licensing process, at a minimum,
should consist of an assessment of the banking organisation's ownership structure,
directors and senior management, its operating plan and internal controls, and its
projected financial condition, including its capital base; where the proposed owner or
parent organisation is a foreign bank, the prior consent of its home country supervisor
should be obtained.
- Banking supervisors must have the authority to review and reject any proposals to
transfer significant ownership or controlling interests in existing banks to other
parties.
- Banking supervisors must have the authority to establish criteria for reviewing major
acquisitions or investments by a bank and ensuring that corporate affiliations or
structures do not expose the bank to undue risks or hinder effective supervision.
- Banking supervisors must set prudent and appropriate minimum capital adequacy
requirements for all banks. Such requirements should reflect the risks that the banks
undertake, and must define the components of capital, bearing in mind their ability to
absorb losses. At least for internationally active banks, these requirements must not be
less than those established in the Basle Capital Accord and its amendments.
- An essential part of any supervisory system is the evaluation of a bank's policies,
practices and procedures related to the granting of loans and making of investments and
the ongoing management of the loan and investment portfolios.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that banks establish and adhere to adequate
policies, practices and procedures for evaluating the quality of assets and the adequacy
of loan loss provisions and loan loss reserves.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that banks have management information systems
that enable management to identify concentrations within the portfolio and supervisors
must set prudential limits to restrict bank exposures to single borrowers or groups of
related borrowers.
- In order to prevent abuses arising from connected lending, banking supervisors must have
in place requirements that banks lend to related companies and individuals on an
arm's-length basis, that such extensions of credit are effectively monitored, and that
other appropriate steps are taken to control or mitigate the risks.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that banks have adequate policies and procedures
for identifying, monitoring and controlling country risk and transfer risk in their
international lending and investment activities, and for maintaining appropriate reserves
against such risks.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that banks have in place systems that accurately
measure, monitor and adequately control market risks; supervisors should have powers to
impose specific limits and/or a specific capital charge on market risk exposures, if
warranted.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that banks have in place a comprehensive risk
management process (including appropriate board and senior management oversight) to
identify, measure, monitor and control all other material risks and, where appropriate, to
hold capital against these risks.
- Banking supervisors must determine that banks have in place internal controls that are
adequate for the nature and scale of their business. These should include clear
arrangements for delegating authority and responsibility; separation of the functions that
involve committing the bank, paying away its funds, and accounting for its assets and
liabilities; reconciliation of these processes; safeguarding its assets; and appropriate
independent internal or external audit and compliance functions to test adherence to these
controls as well as applicable laws and regulations.
- Banking supervisors must determine that banks have adequate policies, practices and
procedures in place, including strict "know-your-customer" rules, that promote
high ethical and professional standards in the financial sector and prevent the bank being
used, intentionally or unintentionally, by criminal elements.
- An effective banking supervisory system should consist of some form of both on-site and
off-site supervision.
- Banking supervisors must have regular contact with bank management and thorough
understanding of the institution's operations.
- Banking supervisors must have a means of collecting, reviewing and analysing prudential
reports and statistical returns from banks on a solo and consolidated basis.
- Banking supervisors must have a means of independent validation of supervisory
information either through on-site examinations or use of external auditors.
- An essential element of banking supervision is the ability of the supervisors to
supervise the banking group on a consolidated basis.
- Banking supervisors must be satisfied that each bank maintains adequate records drawn up
in accordance with consistent accounting policies and practices that enable the supervisor
to obtain a true and fair view of the financial condition of the bank and the
profitability of its business, and that the bank publishes on a regular basis financial
statements that fairly reflect its condition.
- Banking supervisors must have at their disposal adequate supervisory measures to bring
about timely corrective action when banks fail to meet prudential requirements (such as
minimum capital adequacy ratios), when there are regulatory violations, or where
depositors are threatened in any other way. In extreme circumstances, this should include
the ability to revoke the banking licence or recommend its revocation.
- Banking supervisors must practise global consolidated supervision over their
internationally-active banking organisations, adequately monitoring and applying
appropriate prudential norms to all aspects of the business conducted by these banking
organisations worldwide, primarily at their foreign branches, joint ventures and
subsidiaries.
- A key component of consolidated supervision is establishing contact and information
exchange with the various other supervisors involved, primarily host country supervisory
authorities.
- Banking supervisors must require the local operations of foreign banks to be conducted to the same high standards as are required of domestic institutions and must have powers to share information needed by the home country supervisors of those banks for the purpose of carrying out consolidated supervision.
Prudential Regulations and Requirements
Methods of Ongoing Banking Supervision
Information Requirements
Formal Powers of Supervisors
Cross-border Banking
Source: Bank for International Settlements, Press Release 97-0922: www.bis.org/press/p970922.htm.
BORDER/TERRITORIAL DISPUTES IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Country |
Country and Dispute |
Cambodia |
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China |
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Indonesia |
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Japan |
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North Korea |
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South Korea |
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Laos |
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Malaysia |
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Myanmar |
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Philippines |
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Taiwan |
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Thailand |
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Vietnam |
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INTERNAL CONFLICTS IN ASIA PACIFIC
Country |
Conflict |
Indonesia |
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Myanmar |
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Philippines |
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Cambodia |
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Lao PDR |
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Papua New Guinea |
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Philippines |
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Thailand |
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HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION(145)
Country | List of Human Rights Violations |
Brunei | Human Rights broadly circumscribed |
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Cambodia | Human Rights Situation has deteriorated since July 1997 coup |
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China | Constitutional Human Rights Provisions often ignored |
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Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) | Authorities generally respect Human Rights although occasional problems exist |
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Indonesia | Continues to commit serious Human Rights abuses |
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Japan | Just and efficient legal system generally assures observance of constitutionally provided Human Rights |
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North Korea | Continued denial of human rights to the citizens of North Korea |
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South Korea | Government generally respects Human Rights |
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Lao PDR | Trend away from harsh conditions but serious problems remain |
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Malaysia | Government generally respects Human Rights |
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Myanmar | Severe repression of Human Rights |
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Papua New Guinea | Poor Human Rights Record |
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Philippines | Government generally respects Human Rights - some serious problems exist however. |
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Singapore | Government generally respects Human Rights |
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Thailand | While government generally respects Human Rights, some significant problems exist |
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Vietnam | Human Rights record continues to be poor |
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WITNESSES
NAME OF ORGANIZATION AND/OR WITNESS | ISSUE NUMBER |
DATE OF APPEARANCE |
ALLIANCE OF MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTERS OF CANADA | ||
John Burke, Western Star Trucks Inc. | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Sandy Ferguson, Vice-President, Alliance of Manufacturers and Exporters of Canada, British Columbia Division | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Barry Grace, Trade Consultant | 22 |
February 18, 1997 |
Bruce Heister, Executive Vice-President, Asia Pacific Region, Alcan Aluminium Limited | 22 |
February 18, 1997 |
James D. Moore, Vice-President, Policy Division, Alliance of Manufacturers and Exporters of Canada | 22 12 |
February 18, 1997 March 25, 1998 |
Clem Pelletier, President, Rescan Environmental Services Ltd. | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Kevin White, Director of Sales, Western Star Trucks Inc. | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Dan Wong, Manager, Corporate Relations, Dairy World Foods | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Brian Young, Vice-President, International Division, UMA Group Ltd.; Chairman of Export Committee of Consulting Engineers of British Columbia | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Tony Yuen, Senior Vice-President, Northern Telecom Limited | 22 |
February 18, 1997 |
ASIA-PACIFIC ASSOCIATES | ||
Karen Minden, Principal | 14 |
April 22, 1998 |
ASIA PACIFIC FOUNDATION OF CANADA | ||
William Saywell, President and Chief Executive Officer | 10 |
October 30, 1996 |
19 |
February 5, 1997 |
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ASIA-PACIFIC MANAGEMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAM, CAPILANO COLLEGE | ||
Robert Bagshaw, Professor; Manager, Business Relations | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Scott MacLeod, Program Manager | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
BANK OF CANADA | ||
James Powell, Deputy Chief, International Department | 8 |
February 18, 1998 |
BANK OF MONTREAL | ||
Tim ONeill, Executive Vice-President and Chief Economist | 10 |
March 11, 1998 |
BING THOM ARCHITECTS INC. | ||
Bing Thom, Principal | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
BLEWETT DODDl ARCHITECTURE | ||
Peter Blewett, Partner | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
CANADA CHINA BUSINESS COUNCIL | ||
The Honourable Jack Austin, Senator, President | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
CANADA-JAPAN FORUM 2000 | ||
Tamako Yagai Copithorne, Member | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
CANADA-JAPAN TRADE COUNCIL | ||
Klaus Pringsheim, President | 10 |
October 30, 1996 |
Martin Thornell, Vice-President | 10 |
October 30, 1996 |
CANADA-PACIFIC RUSSIA TRADE CENTRE | ||
Ian Ogilvie, President | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
CANADIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE | ||
David Hecnar, Senior Policy Analyst | 18 12 |
December 10, 1996 March 25, 1998 |
Robert Keyes, Senior Vice-President, International | 12 |
March 25, 1998 |
Tim Reid, President | 18 |
December 10, 1996 |
CANADIAN COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | ||
Betty Plewes, President and CEO | 13 |
November 26, 1996 |
CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE | ||
Joshua Mendelsohn, Senior Vice-President and Chief Economist | 10 |
March 11, 1998 |
CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY | ||
Mario Renaud, Director General, Strategic Planning and Policy Division, Asia Branch | 13 |
April 21, 1998 |
CANADIAN SHIPPERS COUNCIL | ||
Graham Allen, Manager, Marine Transportation | 14 |
November 27, 1996 |
Malcolm S. Hackett, CSC Chairman and Director, Distribution and Inventory Management | 14 |
November 27, 1996 |
Marc J. Leblanc, Manager, Logistics and Customer Service | 14 |
November 27, 1996 |
Walter Mueller, CSC Secretary | 14 |
November 27, 1996 |
CENTRE FOR ASIA PACIFIC INITIATIVES | ||
Ralph W. Huenemann, Professor; Director, University of Victoria | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY STUDIES | ||
David Dewitt, Director, York University | 17 |
May 6, 1998 |
CENTRE FOR TRADE POLICY AND LAW, CARLETON UNIVERSITY | ||
Wenguo Cai, Research Associate and Project Manager | 12 |
November 6, 1996 |
Michael Hart, Professor | 2 |
October 29, 1997 |
CIBC WOOD GUNDY | ||
Subodh Kumar, Managing Director, Securities | 3 |
November 5, 1997 |
CITY OF VANCOUVER | ||
Sam Kuzmick, Director of Operations Support, Corporate Services Group | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Philip Owen, Mayor | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Norman C. Stark, Chairman, Greater Vancouver Gateway Council; President and CEO, Vancouver Port Corporation; Member, Vancouver Economic Development Commission | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Bob Thompson, Vice-Chair, Vancouver Economic Development Commission; Principal, MTR Consultants Ltd. | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
CONFERENCE BOARD OF CANADA | ||
Charles A. Barrett, Vice-President, Business Research | 14 |
November 27, 1996 |
CONFERENCE OF OCEAN CARRIERS | ||
Brenda Johnston, Manager, Canada Westbound Rate Agreement, Vice-President | 28 |
April 8, 1997 |
Henry M. Munz, Regional Sales Manager Eastern Canada, "K" Line Canada Ltd. | 28 |
April 8, 1997 |
Barry Olsen, President of Maersk Canada Inc. | 28 |
April 8, 1997 |
Albert Pierce, Managing Director, Canada Westbound Rate Agreement | 28 |
April 8, 1997 |
Klaus Schenede, General Manager, Export Pricing Pacific/Atlantic, "K" Line America Inc. | 28 |
April 8, 1997 |
DAVID LAM CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY | ||
Jan Walls, Director | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF | ||
Alexander Downer, Minister of Foreign Affairs | 6 |
December 3, 1997 |
Bill Tweddell, Executive Assistant to the Minister | 6 |
December 3, 1997 |
FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE, DEPARTMENT OF | ||
John Bell, Ambassador for Canadas Year of Asia Pacific | 8 |
October 2, 1996 |
John M. Curtis, Senior Policy Advisor, Trade and Economic Policy Branch | 2 |
October 29, 1997 |
William A. Dymond, Chief Negotiator for the Multilateral Agreement on Investment | 5 |
November 27, 1997 |
Len Edwards, Assistant Deputy Minister, Trade and Economic Policy | 25 |
March 18, 1997 |
Roger Ferland, Director General, North Asia and Pacific | 8 |
October 2, 1996 |
Laurette Gauthier Glasgow, Director, International Economic Relations Division | 3 |
November 5, 1997 |
Ingrid Hall, Director General , South Asia and Southeast Asia Bureau, Asia, Pacific and Africa. | 3 13 |
November 5, 1997 April 21, 1998 |
8 |
October 2, 1996 |
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Blair Hankey, Senior Associate Counsel, Trade Law | 5 |
November 27, 1997 |
Margaret Huber, Director General, North Asia and Pacific Bureau | 11 13 14 |
March 18, 1998 April 21, 1998 April 24, 1998 |
John Klassen, Director General, APEC Bureau | 7 25 |
December 10, 1997 March 18, 1997 |
Peter Sutherland, Director General, Trade Commissioner Service, Planning and Policy | 12 |
March 25, 1998 |
FINANCE, DEPARTMENT OF | ||
Bruce Rayfuse, Acting Director, International Finance and Economic Analysis Division | 3 |
Novembre 5, 1997 |
Appearing as Senior Chief | 8 |
February 18, 1998 |
HIGH COMMISSION OF AUSTRALIA IN CANADA | ||
Greg Wood, High Commissioner | 6 |
December 3, 1997 |
HUMAN RIGHTS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTRE | ||
Errol P. Mendes, Director, University of Ottawa | 13 |
April 21, 1998 |
INSTITUTE OF ASIAN RESEARCH | ||
Paul Lin, Honorary Professor, University of British Columbia | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Terry McGee, Professor; Director, University of British Columbia | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS | ||
Catherine Mann, Senior Fellow | 15 |
April 29, 1998 |
INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS | ||
Shannon Selin, Research Associate, University of British Columbia | 17 |
May 6, 1998 |
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT | ||
Mrs. Maureen ONeil, Interim President | 13 |
November 26, 1996 |
JOINT CENTRE FOR ASIA PACIFIC STUDIES | ||
Amitav Acharya, Professor, York University | 29 |
April 9, 1997 |
Paul Evans, Professor; Director, York University | 23 |
March 5, 1997 |
Bernard Frolic, Professor, York University | 24 |
March 11, 1997 |
MACDONALD - DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. | ||
John MacDonald, Chairman of the Board | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
MARSH & MCLENNAN LIMITED | ||
Yozo Yamagata, Member, Canadian Advisory Board | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
MICROTRAIN INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL LINKS NETWORK | ||
Diane Girard, President | 12 |
March 25, 1998 |
MITSUBISHI CANADA LIMITED | ||
Arthur Hara, Chairman | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
M.K. WONG & ASSOCIATES LTD. | ||
Dan Gaw | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
NATIONAL DEFENCE, DEPARTMENT OF | ||
James A Boutilier, Special Advisor (Policy), Maritime Forces, Pacific Headquarters | 17 |
May 6, 1998 |
Colonel John B. Roeterink, Director, Asia-Pacific Policy National Defence headquarters | 17 |
May 6, 1998 |
NORTH-SOUTH INSTITUTE | ||
Mrs. Heather Gibb, Senior Researcher | 13 |
November 26, 1996 |
NOVA CORPORATION | ||
Gerry Finn, Vice-President, Government Relations (NOVA Corporation) | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Rick Milner, Vice-President, Operations (NOVA Gas International Ltd.) | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Dave Sanson, Vice-President, Public Affairs (NOVA Chemicals Ltd.) | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS | ||
John Thompson, Deputy Superintendent, Policy | 8 |
February 18, 1998 |
ROYAL BANK | ||
John McCallum, Senior Vice-President and Chief Economist | 10 |
March 11, 1998 |
SIMONS CONSULTING GROUP | ||
Phil Crawford, CEO | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
STOTHERT GROUP INC. | ||
Winston D. Stothert, Chairman | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
TELEGLOBE INC. | ||
Meriel Bradford, Vice-President, Government and External Relations | 12 |
March 25, 1998 |
VANCOUVER BOARD OF TRADE | ||
John Hansen, Chief Economist | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Darcy Rezac, Managing Director | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
VANCOUVER STOCK EXCHANGE | ||
Mike Johnson, President and CEO | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
AS INDIVIDUALS | ||
Paul Bowles, Professor, Economics, University of Northern British Columbia | 14 |
April 22, 1998 |
Patrick Brown, Journalist, CBC/ Radio-Canada | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Michael W. Donnelly, Professor and Associate Dean, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto | 11 |
March 18, 1998 |
Earl Drake, Adjunct Professor (former Ambassador to China and Indonesia), Simon Fraser University | 13 |
April 21, 1998 |
Ted English, Professor, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University | 9 |
October 23, 1996 |
Peggy Falkenheim Meyer, Associate Professor and Graduate Chair, Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Michael Goldberg, Dean, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
The Honourable Michael F. Harcourt, Sustainable Development Research Institute, University of British Columbia | 19 |
February 5, 1997 |
Brian Job, Professor; Director, Institute of International Relations, University of British Columbia | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Ozay Mehmet, Professor, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University | 9 |
October 23, 1996 |
Pitman Potter, Professor; Director of Asian Legal Studies, Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia | 21 |
February 7, 1997 |
Douglas A. Ross, Professor, Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University | 20 |
February 6, 1997 |
Martin Rudner, Professor, Norman paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University | 2 |
October 29, 1997 |
Robert Solomon, Guest Scholar, Brookings Institution | 15 |
April 29, 1998 |
Terry Ursacki, Associate Professor, Faculty of Management, University of Calgary | 11 |
March 18, 1998 |